Abstract of Scientific Papers of Dr. K. M. Khalequzzaman - 172

01. K.M. Khalequzzaman, I. Hossain and M. Ashrafuzzaman. 1998. Study on Seed-Plant-Seed transmission of Helminthosporium turcicum in Maize. Bangladesh Journal of Seed Science and Technology, 2 (1 & 2): 19-24. Abstract: Seeds of three cultivars of maize viz. Mohar, Shuvra and Barnali were studied by blotter incubation test for seed-borne infection of Helminthosporium turcicum and found that 31-41% seed yielded H. turcicum. The seeds of tested seed lots were sown in the field. Under field condition 55.3-62.7% plants were recorded with leaf spot symptoms caused by H. turcicum. Moreover, 3.8-5.5% plants resulted leaf blight symptoms at 105 days after sowing. The freshly harvested seeds of maize cultivars Mohar, Shuvra and Barnali yielded 41, 48 and 34% H. turcicum by blotter incubation tests. 02. K.M. Khalequzzaman, I. Hossain and M.M. Hossain. 1998. Effect of fungicides and potash in controlling grey leaf spot of coconut. Bangladesh Journal of Training and Development, 11 (1&2): 151-156. Abstract: The efficacy of five fungicides viz. 0.05% Tilt 250 EC, 0.2% Macuprax, 0.2% Cupravit 50 WP, 0.2% Dithane M-45 and 0.1% Bavistin and five doses of MP fertilizer viz. 500g, 750g, 1000g, 1250g and 1500g/plant were tested to control grey leaf spot of coconut caused by Pestalotiopsis palmarum for a period of three years (1995-98). The disease incidence was significantly reduced by all the fungicides tested. The fungicides reduced LAD from 48.81% to 84.53%, where Bavistin was found best in reducing the leaf area disease. In case of MP fertilizer 1000g MP/Plant to 1500g MP/Plant were found most effective in controlling grey leaf spot coconut. 03. K.M. Khalequzzaman, M.T. Talukder, M.K. Jamil, M.M.U. Amin and M. Ashrafuzzaman. 2000. Study of the Aspergillus species of groundnut. Bangladesh Journal of Environmental Science, 6 : 56–61. Abstract: Three varieties of groundnut (Dhaka-1, DG-2 and ACC-12) were taken under to find out the Aspergillus spp. associated with seeds, seedlings and soils under shallow and deep planting during winter season and total population of Aspergillus spp. between two assay periods (pre-sowing and post-sowing). Pre-sowing test in the laboratory revealed association of a total 7 Aspergillus spp. with the seeds and germination was highest in ACC-12 (92.75 %) and lowest in Dhaka-1 (86.50 %). The uprooted diseased seedlings revealed highest percentage of Aspergillus spp. in Dhaka-1 and lowest was observed in DG-2. A total of 9 species of Aspergillus were identified from groundnut field soil during post-sowing assay period. For pathogenecity test of A. niger, 25-45% pre-emergent death and 20-45% root rot were observed among the three varieties. 04. M.H. Rashid, I. Hossain, M.M. Zaman, S.H. Howlader and K.M. Khalequzzaman. 2000. Reaction of some exotic wheat germplasms against Bipolaris sorokiniana. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 25 (3): 399-405. Abstract: Thirty one wheat germplasms from Brazil along with a local check (Kanchan) were evaluated for their reaction to leaf blight disease caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana under in-vitro and glasshouse condition. Under glasshouse condition, 1, 12, 16 and 3 germplasms showed highly resistance, resistance, moderately resistance and moderately susceptible, respectively, at flag leaf stage. Under excised leaf method at seedling stage 8, 18, 3 and 3 germplasms were recorded as highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant and moderately susceptible, respectively. But at maximum tillering stage, 1, 1, 5, 24 and 1 germplasms were graded as highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible and susceptible, respectively. At flag leaf stage, 9, 10, 6, 5 and 2 germplasms graded as highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible and susceptible, respectively. 05. M.M. Alam, M.K. Hasan, K.M. Khalequzzaman, M.A. Khan and M.S. Alam. 2000. Study of onion storage practices at farmers level in Dinajpur and Rajshahi. Journal of Agricultural Education and Technology, 3 (1 & 2): 41–44. Abstract: The study was undertaken to evaluate the existing post harvest practices used by the onion growers of Khanshama upazilla of Dinajpur district and Durgapur of Rajshahi district. The components of the study were i) harvesting period after planting ii) harvesting implements, harvesting process, transportation, grading, storage and storing place. The findings showed that majority farmers of both the upazilla harvested onion after 100-110 days of planting. Most of then fixed harvest time when 41-80% neck fall occurred. Eighty to 90% of the farmers use ladder for rest of the neck falling. On an average 60% farmers did not practice curing of onion. With regard to storing and storing place it was observed that farmers of both the upazilla store onion on ceiling under tin roof. Majority of the farmers reported that spoilage of onion was caused fungal attack and softening. 06. K.M. Khalequzzaman, S.N. Uddin, A. Monin, S.M.A. Shiblee and M.H. Rashid. 2000. Effect of fungicides in controlling tikka disease of groundnut. Bangladesh Journal of Environmental Science, 6: 106–111. Abstract: Relative efficacy of three fungicides-Dithane M-45, Tilt 250 EC and Cupravit 50 WP each in three doses was evaluated in controlling cercospora leaf spot of groundnut caused by Cercospora arachidicola Hori. and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk and Curt.). The best fungicidal performance was obtained with Dithane M-45 (4800 ppm) applied thrice at 15 days interval in reducing leaf area infection and increased yield of normal and total pods. This was followed by Tilt 250 EC with 250 and 375 ppm. Cupravit 50 WP gave the poorest response. 07. S.M.K. Alam, K.M. Khalequzzaman and M.M.A. Reza. 2000. Screening of brinjal germplasms against bacterial wilt. Bangladesh Journal of Training and Development, 13 (1 & 2): 237-242. Abstract: A field experiment was conducted in two consecutive cropping seasons during 1996- 97 and 1997-98 to identify the resistant germplasms of brinjal against bacterial wilt. Fifteen brinjal germplasms were tested. The seedlings were inoculated with Ralstonia solanacearum by root dipping for six hours into the bacterial suspension before transplanting. Two cultivars/lines namely Oli-begoon and Shingnath showed moderately resistant, and Uttara showed moderately susceptible reaction. These three germplasms gave higher yield. All other varieties were moderately susceptible to highly susceptible and gave lower yield. Oli-begoon, Shingnath and Uttara may be use for cultivation and also for developing resistant cultivar against bacterial wilt. 08. M.H. Rashid, K.M. Khalequzzaman and M.A.A. Khan. 2000. Efficacy of different fungicides in controlling root rot of French bean caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Bangladesh Horticulture, 28 (1&2): 9-11. Abstract: Five fungicides, such as, Vitavax-200 (Carboxin), Bavistin 50WP (Cabendazim), Dithane M-45 (Mancozeb), Rovral 50WP (Iprodione) and Tilt 250 EC (Propiconazole) were used for treating the seeds in the 1st experiment. In another experiment, seeds were treated as well as soil drenched by Bavistin 50WP and Vitavax-200. It was noticed that seed treatment along with soil drenching was much more effective than the seed treatment or soil drenching alone. However, the lowest incidence (13.67%) of root rot was recorded when seeds treated with Tilt 250EC followed by Bavistin (13.70%), Rovral 50WP (14.53), Vitavax-200 (17.69%), Dithane M-45 (21.67%) and the control (29.55%) in the 1st experiment. In the 2nd experiment, the least incidence of root rot was noticed when seeds were treated and soil drenched with Bavistin (5.23%) followed by Vitavax-200 (11.87%) compared to the control (27.89%). Bavistin @ 0.1% may be recommended for seed treatment along with soil drenching in controlling root rot of french bean. 09. M.M.U. Amin, S.A. Tania and K.M. Khalequzzaman. 2000. Influence of seed size on the performance of mungbean varieties under post-rice and upland cropping systems. Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture, 25 (1 & 2): 1-10. Abstract: This experiment was conducted at Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen campus, Thailand from November 1998 to February 1999. Two seed sizes, small (4.0-5.0 g/100 seed) and large (6.0-7.5 g/100 seed) of two varieties, KPS-1 and CN-60 were tested under two cropping systems, lowland (post-rice) and upland. The highest yield of 1.5 t/ha was obtained from variety KPS-1 and 1.6 t/ha from variety KPS-1 under the upland cropping system. However, seed size did not significantly affect yield. The plant stands/m2 was significantly higher in variety KPS-1 (107) than CN-60 and in upland (110) than lowland cropping system. Variety KPS-1 can be grown in both upland and lowland cropping systems. From the economic analysis it could be said that mungbean cultivation in post-rice lowland is more beneficial than upland cropping system. 10. M.A.K. Al Azad, K.M. Khalequzzaman, A. Momin, M.B. Miah and M.A.R. Sarkar. 2001. Effect of urea on the incidence of grain spotting and fungi associated with spotted rice grains. Bangladesh Journal of Environmental Science, 7: 164–167. Abstract: Effect of Urea on the incidence of rice grain spotting was studied in three cultivars viz. BR 3, BR 11 and Pajam. BR 3 yielded maximum 8.61 % grain spotting when 150 kg/ha Urea was applied, while cultivar Pajam developed lowest (2.71 %) grain spotting at control. Grain spotting was found to be significantly influenced by the interaction effect between cultivars and doses of Urea. Four fungi viz. Drechslera oryzae, Fusarium moniliformae, Curvularia oryzae, Pyricularia oryzae and also other unidentified microorganisms were detected on the rice grains. The most prevalent fungi found to be associated with spotted grains in all the three cultivars in order of prevalence were F. moniliformae and D. oryzae. 11. K.M. Khalequzzaman, M.T. Talukder, A. Muqit, M.S. Islam and M. Ashrafuzzaman. 2001. Study of the seed and soil borne fungi and seedling diseases of groundnut. Bangladesh Journal of Science and Technology, 3 (1): 93–102. Abstract: Three varieties of groundnut (Dhaka-1, DG-2 and ACC-12) were taken under consideration to study seed and soil borne fungi, seedling diseases and extent of disease development under shallow and deep sowing (4.0 cm and 6.5 cm) of seeds. Pre-sowing test in the laboratory revealed association of a total of 10 fungal species with the seeds. Aspergillus niger and A. flavus were the most predominant among the fungi isolated. Depth of sowing did not play significant role in the percentages of seed germination, pre-emergent death and post-emergent death but plants grown through deeper sown seeds had developed relatively higher number of diseased plants and total disease development. Varietal differences had marked influences in disease development in all stages. Field soil (post-sowing) and infected seedlings yielded the fungi : Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Pythium sp., Rhizoctonia sp. and several other species. Fusarium spp. were associated more frequently than the others, although no species of Fusarium was found in seeds before sowing. A total of 22 different fungal species were isolated from the soil samples collected during post-sowing period, of which Aspergillus spp. were the most dominant followed by Fusarium spp. 12. A.K.M.Z. Rahman, K.M. Khalequzzaman, A. Muqit and S.N. Mozumder. 2001. Reaction of brinjal lines/cultivars against brinjal shoot and fruit borer and bacterial wilt at Chittagong region. Bangladesh Journal of Environmental Science, 7: 168–171. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Regional Horticultural Research Station, BARI, Hathazari, Chittagong during winter season of 1997-98 using twelve local brinjal cultivars and in 1998-99, eighteen brinjal lines/cultivars were used with a view to find out the brinjal lines/cultivars tolerant to the brinjal shoot and fruit borer and to identify the sources of resistant to bacterial wilt for use in breeding programme and for cultivation. Among the test lines/cultivars, Medium white (Kathirhat), White round (Kathirhat), Puta small (Hathazari), Jat begun, BL 083, BL 0117, BL 072, BL 0118 and BL 085 gave better performance against brinjal shoot and fruit borer, and bacterial wilt, and also gave higher yield. 13. A.Q.M. Bazlur Rashid, Kakoli Sarker and K.M. Khalequzzaman. 2001. Control of Bipolaris leaf blight of wheat with foliar spray of Tilt 250 EC. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Pathology, 17 (1 & 2): 45–47. Abstract: A study was under taken to find out the efficacy of Tilt 250 EC to control Bipolaris leaf blight of wheat (Bipolaris sorokiniana). Water suspension (0.1%) of the fungicide was sprayed for one to six times. The maximum of 58.25 percent disease index (PDI) was found in plot sprayed with plain water (Control). The PDI value was reduced to 21.75% when Tilt was sprayed for six times. The quantity of black pointed and shriveled grains was reduced and yield of grains was increased significantly due to spray with the fungicide. Reduction in disease severity and increase in yield were corroborated with the number of sprays. 14. Md. Kalim Uddin and K.M. Khalequzzaman. 2001. Yield and yield contributing characters of boro rice as affected by plant spacing under varied tillage levels at the level barind tract agroecological region. Bangladesh Journal of Environmental Science, 7: 172–176. Abstract: An experiment was carried out to find out the optimum plant spacing(s) and tillage level(s) for maximizing the yield of boro rice at the Level Barind Tract Agroecological Region. Three plant spacings viz., 25 cm X 15 cm, 20 cm X 15 cm and 15 cm X 15 cm, and four tillage levels viz., zero tillage, minimum tillage, moderate tillage and conventional tillage were compared. Significantly highest grain yield (5.20 t/ha) was obtained from 20 cm X 15 cm plant spacing. No significant yield difference was observed due to different tillage levels. The grain yield due to different tillage levels varied from 4.88-5.06 t/ha. Zero or minimum tillage levels with 20 cm X 15 cm plant spacing also showed better economic performance and indicates a good alternative to conventional tillage. 15. Md. Farid Ahmed, K.M. Khalequzzaman, Md. Nazrul Islam, M.K. Anam and M. Tahasinul Islam. 2002. Effect of plant extracts against Bipolaris oryzae of rice under in vitro conditions. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 5 (4): 442-445. Abstract: Twelve seed samples of rice were tested and all were found infected by Bipolaris oryzae the cause of brown spot disease. Highest (5.5%) and lowest (1.5%) incidence was found in sample of Bhabokhali and Mahozompur, respectively. Four plant extracts viz. Biskatali (Polygonum hydropiper), Onion (Allium cepa), Garlic (Allium sativum) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) were evaluated against Bipolaris oryzae. Among the plant extracts, Neem and Garlic were effective against Bipolaris oryzae at 1:1 dilution. All other plant extracts were effective against Bipolaris oryzae at higher concentration. 16. M.K. Anam, G.A. Fakir, K.M. Khalequzzaman¬, M.M. Hoque and Abdur Rahim. 2002. Effect of seed treatment on the incidence of seed-borne diseases of okra. Pakistan Journal of Plant Pathology, 1 (1): 1–3. Abstract: The experiment was conducted to know the effect of seed treatment on the incidence of seed-borne fungal diseases and on production of seed yield of okra. The lowest germination (95.0%) was recorded in unclean farmers’ seeds; while highest germination (99.0%) was recorded in Vitavax-200 treated seeds followed by clean apparently healthy seeds (98.5%). Seed-borne fungal diseases of okra in the field, five diseases viz. Foot and root rot, Anthracnose and die-back, Cercospora leaf spot, Corynespora leaf spot and leaf blight, respectively caused by Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum dematium, Cercospora abelmoschi, Corynespora cassiicola and Macrophonina phaseolina were recorded. The incidence of five seed-borne diseases have been found to be reduced by the use of seeds treated with Vitavax-200 and clean apparently healthy seeds. Vitavax–200 treated seeds as well as clean apparently healthy seeds increased the seed yield by 21.62 and 15.31%, respectively, over the unclean farmers’ seeds. 17. K.M. Khalequzzaman, Tanima Sultana, Md. Tariqul Islam, M. Abu Hanif Shaikh and Md. Kalim Uddin. 2002. Study on socio-economic and agricultural conditions of the Jamuna river bank site at Sirajganj. Bangladesh Journal of Environmental Science, 8: 45–50. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at the Jamuna river bank site at Sirajganj district during 2000 with a view to know the socio-economic and agricultural conditions. Migrated families were maximum because they had no land moving anywhere (43.48%) and this is heredity (36.52%) problem. They were migrated from one place to another due to river bank erosion (87.39%). Maximum families had bamboo or very simple (kacha) house (86.96 %). Kerosin oil (91.74%) is used for lighting the houses. They used cowdung, wood and branch of trees for cooking. 55.22% families used kacha latrines. Shallow tube-wells were used by 94.35% families. There was 74.35 % land less family. 60.37% families had cultivated land. The crops grown of the area were rice, jute, sugarcane etc. 36.52 % families had educated level upto primary stage. 56.52% families dependented on agriculture. Their monthly income range was 1000-7001 taka/family. 18. A.S.M. Monjur Alam, K.M. Khalequzzaman, M.K. Anam, Nazrul Islam and G.M.M. Rahman. 2002. Effect of tree-rice associations and orientations on the incidence of major diseases of rice. Online Journal of Biological Sciences, 2 (7): 492 – 493. Abstract: The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of tree species associations with different orientations grown as intercrop with rice on the incidence of major rice diseases (Bacterial leaf blight, Blast, Sheath blight and Brown spot). Jhau-rice associatoion developed least incidence of four major diseases and the highest disease severity was recorded in Sissoo-rice association. The highest and lowest severely were recorded in O3 and O0, respectively. Out of five tree-rice associations highest yield (4.345 t ha-1) was obtained in case of Jhau-rice (T2) association and lowest yield (2.550 t ha-1) was recorded in Sissoo-rice (T5) association. Regarding different orientations, the highest yield (5.486 t ha-1) was obtained from open field (O0-orientaton) and the lowest yield (1.522 t ha-1) was recorded in North-1.5 meter from the tree base (O3). 19. M.R. Alam, M.A.R. Sarkar, K.M. Khalequzzaman, Md. Nazrul Islam, M.K. Anam and Md. Abdur Rahim. 2002. Effect of timing of nitrogen application on the growth and yield of separated tillers of transplant aman rice. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 5 (9): 900–902. Abstract: The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of different cultivars and time of nitrogen application on the growth and yield of separated tillers of transplant aman rice. Tillers of three rice cultivars (BRRI Dhan 32, BR 23 and BR 22) and five timings of nitrogen application were used as treatments. The individual effect of var. BR 23 and the three equal splits of application of nitrogen as basal, at early tillering and at panicle initiation stages gave the best results on plant height, no of tillers hill-1, no of leaves hill-1, leaf area index, no of grains panicle-1, weight of 1000 grain, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index having 121.21 and 122.54 cm, 9.10 and 9.26, 36.72 and 39.91, 4.92 and 4.68, 118.60 and 118.50, 23.98 and 22.33 g, 4.55 and 4.79 t/ha, 6.15 and 6.60 t/ha, 10.70 and 11.40 t/ha, 42.62 and 41.24 %, respectively. The interaction effect of var. BR 23 and T2 was highest on these parameters. Rice var. BR 23 and three splits of nitrogen application may be used for increasing growth and yield of separated tillers of transplanted aman rice. 20. A.K.M.Z. Rahman, S.N. Alam, M.N. Uddin, M.A. Mannan and K.M. Khalequzzaman. 2002. Seasonal fluctuation of whitefly of guava and their chemical control. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 27 (2): 227–235. Abstract: Seasonal fluctuation of whitefly and the efficacy of four insecticides for their effective control were studied in the existing guava orchard of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Hathazari, Chittagong. During the study period of two consecutive cropping seasons, remarkable variation in population fluctuation was observed between the seasons. In 1997-98, the number of whitefly per leaf was higher than that of 1998-99. On the other hand, percent leaf infestation of guava by whitefly adult was higher in 1998-99 than 1997-98. This variation of the population fluctuation was related with rainfall pattern of the cropping seasons. Due to long dry period and less rainfall in 1998-99, whitefly population was well distributed among the leaves but in 1997-98, when each month received at least a little rainfall, the population was confined in a certain number of leaves. During the cool dry period, the population raised to its peak, in the month of November in 1997-98 and December in 1998-99, which declined thereafter and reduced to a very negligible number or zero during the wet and hot months i.e. May to July. Among the four insecticides tested (Nuvacron 40 SL, Perfekthion 40 EC, Nogos 100 EC and Basathrin 10 EC), the number of whitefly adults survived per leaf were lowest in the plants treated with Nuvacron 40 SL @ 2.0 ml/l of water followed by Perfekthion 40 EC @ 2.0 ml/l of water compared with other two insecticides and untreated control at 1, 7 and 28 days after spraying. 21. M.A. Jinnah, K.M. Khalequzzaman, M.S. Islam, M.A.K.S. Siddique and M. Ashrafuzzaman. 2002. Control of bacterial wilt of tomato by Pseudomonas fluorescens in the field. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 5 (11): 1167–1169. Abstract: The experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of antagonistic P. fluorescens in controlling wilt of tomato caused by R. solanacearum in the field. The tomato variety Manik showed 42.59 % and Pusa Rubi showed 46.29 % bacterial wilt. The lowest bacterial wilt incidence (35.18 %) was recorded in T2 (Soil drenching of P. fluorescens) and highest incidence was in control plot. Plant height, number of branches/plant, number of fruits/plant, total fruit weight/plant and fruit yield (t ha-1) was significantly highest in T2 and lowest was in untreated control (T0). Soil drenching by using P. fluorescens suspension contained 109 cfu/ml (T2) may be used for controlling wilt and increasing yield of tomato. 22. Md. Masud Alam, Md. Kamrul Hasan, Rumman Ara, K.M. Khalequzzaman, Md. Alauddin Khan. 2002. Effect of different storage conditions for storing dry chilli. Bangladesh Journal of Environmental Science, 8: 149-153. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Spices Research Centre, Bogra during 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 to find out the best storing method which minimize the storage loss of dry chilli. The local variety of chilli was used in this trial. Thirteen storage containers were used as treatment. It was found that double polythene lining resulted the lowest final moisture content 9.01 and 8.20 %, highest germination 97.50 and 98.39 %, and attractive shining colour and excellent storage conditions in 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 storage year, respectively. Comparatively Gunny bag, doley and earthen pot showed worst performance. Final moisture (%) was negatively correlated with germination (%) in both the years. The experiment results also revealed that the storage with double polythene lining or tin container with inside polythene may be used for storing dry chilli. 23. Md. Farid Ahmed, K.M. Khalequzzaman, Md. Nazrul Islam, M.K. Anam and M. Tahasinul Islam. 2002. Effect of fungicides against Bipolaris oryzae of rice under in vitro condition. Pakistan Journal of Plant Pathology, 1 (1): 4-7. Abstract: Twelve seed samples of rice were tested and all were found infected by Bipolaris oryzae the cause of brown spot disease. Highest (5.5%) and lowest (1.5%) incidence was found in sample of Bhabokhali and Mahozompur, respectively. Four fungicides viz. Bavistin, Hinosan, Tilt 250 EC and Dithane M-45 were evaluated against Bipolaris oryzae. Dithane M-45 was the best with 100% reduction of the prevalence of the pathogen and inhibited the mycelial growth at 0.3% of the seed weight as seed treatments and 500 ppm as mycelial growth inhibition test followed by Tilt 250 EC, Hinosan and Bavistin. All test fungicides were effective against Bipolaris oryzae at higher concentration. 24. M.A.K.S. Siddique, A.Q.M. Bazlur Rashid, I. Hossain, K.M. Khalequzzaman and Md. Kalim Uddin. 2002. Reaction of some wheat varieties to seed borne Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium moniliforme. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 5 (11): 1211–1213. Abstract: Reaction of five wheat varieties to Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium moniliforme was assessed in terms of prevalence of the pathogen on the seeds, symptom severity on the growing plants and effect of the pathogens on the yields. Prevalence of B. sorokiniana was 4-4.25% in kanchan and Akbar and of Fusarium monilifome was 2.25-2.75% in Gourab and Kanchan. Disease severity was highest in Barkat both in laboratory and field conditions. However, Bipolaris sorokiniana infection was more severe than that of Fusarium moniliforme. Percent diseased grains were high in Barkat, while grain yield was low in Barkat and sonalika due to inoculation of B. sorokiniana and F. moniliforme. Thus, there was a significant variation in reaction among the wheat varieties to the pathogens. 25. A.K.M.N. Islam, A.J.M.S. Karim, M.A. Rahman, M.M. Begum and K.M. Khalequzzaman. 2002. Physico-chemical properties of chandra soil series of Madhupur Tract. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 27 (4): 553-560. Abstract: The Chandra soil series of Madhupur tract was studied for their physical and chemical properties. The soil series had seven pedogenic horizons of different depths. Soil porosity varied between 39.8% and 49.4%. higher (1.56g cc-1) bulk density was found just below the ploughing depth (12-27 cm). The soil pH was 5.4 at the surface (0.08 cm) to 6.4 at the bottom (110-140+ cm). Organic matter content was found to vary ranging from 2.28% at the surface to 0.26% at the bottom. Available N content ranged from 0.75% to 2.41 and the available P from 0.012 to 0.033 mg 100 g-1 soil. The exchangeable levels of K varied from 0.17 to 0.31. Ca from 2.5 to 5.78 and Mg from 1.22 to 4.30 me 100 g-1 soil. 26. K.M. Khalequzzaman, M.A. Jinnah, M.A.A.M. Rashid, M.N.A. Chowdhury and Md. Masud Alam. 2002. Effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens in controlling bacterial wilt of tomato. Pakistan Journal of Plant Pathology, 1 (2–4): 71–73. Abstract: Two variety of tomato viz. manik and pusha rubi were used to evaluate the efficacy of antagonistic P. fluorescens in controlling wilt of tomato caused by R. solanacearum and in increasing yield in green house condition. Four treatments, i.e. R. solanacearum (106 c.f.u./ml) was used as control and P. fluorescens was used as 109 c.f.u./ml, 108 c.f.u./ml and 107 c.f.u./ml suspension. Manik (V1) showed least bacterial wilt incidence and pusa rubi (V2) showed highest wilt incidence at 30, 45 and 60 DAI. T1 (P. fluorescens 109 c.f.u./ml) and combined effect of V1T1 decreased wilt of tomato at all stages and increased fruit yield. T0 (Control-only R. solanacearum 106 c.f.u./ml) and V2T0 increased bacterial wilt at all stages and decreased fruit yield. So, T1 and V1T1 may be used for controlling bacterial wilt of tomato and increasing yield. 27. M. Mosharraf. Hossain, K.M. Khalequzzaman, M.M. Hossain, M. Rajab Ali and N. Akter. 2002. Effect of fertilizers (NPK) application at planting on the incidence of fungi and bacteria of freshly harvested seeds of three aus rice cultivars. Bangladesh Journal of Environmental Science, 8: 166-171. Abstract: The experiment was carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during 1999-2000 with a view to investigate the effects of fertilizers applied at planting on incidence of seed-borne fungal and bacterial pathogens associated with seeds of three aus rice cultivars. Cultivars viz. Niamat, Nizami and Kataktara showed 40.50%, 35.75% and 25.75% spotted/discoloured seeds, and 59.50%, 64.85% and 74.35% healthy seeds, respectively. Germination of these cultivars were 88-96% in different treatments. The incidence of fungi and bacteria was increased with increasing doses of fertilizers (NPK) in case of all cultivars. 28. Swagatam Talukder, Md. Shams-Ud-Din, K.M. Khalequzzaman, Md. Masud Alam, Md. Zohurul Islam and S.M.K.E. Khuda. 2003. Prepackaging, storage losses and physiological changes of fresh cauliflower as influenced by post harvest treatments. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2 (5): 438–441. Abstract: Different post-harvest treatments manifested specific attribute in maintaining physical appearance, acceptability and economic return for cauliflower. It was observed that storage in perforated polythene bag prolonged the shelf life and helped maintaining highest physical appearance, acceptability and economic return of cauliflower. Considering weight loss and economic return, the wet gunny bag treatment was also found to be acceptable. Cauliflower showed the best physical appearance, acceptability, lower weight loss and thereby rendered the highest economic return with perforated polythene bag treatment at 4 days after storage (DAS). In this case wet gunny bag was also found to be acceptable considering as physical appearance, acceptability grade and net economic return. 29. K.M. Khalequzzaman. 2003. Effect of inocula levels of Meloidogyne javanica and Sclerotium rolfsii on the growth, yield and galling incidence of soybean. Pakistan Journal of Plant Pathology, 2 (1): 56–64. Abstract: The experiment was conducted both in the laboratory and glasshouse of the Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period of March to July 2001. Mixed inocula of Meloidogyne javanica and Sclerotium rolfsii in five different treatments including control were tested for the growth, yield, galling incidence and development of the nematode in soybean. Maximum length of shoot and root, fresh weight of shoot and root with nodules, number of pods, number of nodules and yield per plant were observed with the control treatment. Progressively higher galling incidence and higher number of adult females and juvenile populations of M. javanica correspondingly with lower plant growth, nodulation and yield per plant were recorded from lower to higher levels of inocula ranging from 4–10 eggmasses of M. javanica with 0.025 – 0.2% w/w of S. rolfsii. Galling incidence was negatively correlated with plant growth, nodulation and yield of soybean. 30. A.Q.M. Bazlur Rashid, M. Mustafa Hossain, K.M. Khalequzzaman and G.A. Fakir. 2003. Morphology and architecture of seed infected with Bipolaris sorokiniana and its impact on the planting value of wheat. Journal of Progressive Science and Technology, 1 (1): 7–9. Abstract: The influence of six different morphological and architectural category of wheat seeds var. Kanchan infected with Bipolaris sorokiniana on the planting value and disease development in plants was studied in vitro. The maximum prevalences of the pathogen recorded before sowing and after harvesting were 75.80 % and 97.50 %, respectively, in shrivelled seeds. The minimum of 9.75 % and 14.03 % prevalences respectively were recorded in case of in small healthy seeds. The large healthy seeds produced the highest seedling vigour of 1981.91; while the lowest vigour index of 238.13 were found in shrivelled seeds. Large healthy and small healthy seeds showed higher germination percentage, plant height, and the shrivelled seeds showed minimum germination percentage and plant height. Along with the large healthy seeds, the small healthy seeds may also suggested to be considered in seed certification scheme of Seed processing Centre (SPC). 31. A.K.M. Kamal Hasan, M.U. Ahmad, M. Rahaman, K.M. Khalequzzaman and M.M. Islam. 2003. Effect of inocula level of Meloidogyne javanica and Sclerotium rolfsii on the growth, yield and galling incidence of groundnut. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 6 (3): 220–224. Abstract: Mixed inocula of Meloidogyne javanica and Sclerotium rolfsii in five different treatments including control were tested for the growth, yield, galling incidence and development of the nematode in groundnut. Progressively higher galling incidence and higher number of adult females and juvenile populations of M. javanica correspondingly with lower plant growth, nodulation and yield per plant were recorded from lower to higher levels of inocula ranging from 4-10 egg masses of M. javanica with 0.025 - 0.2% w/w of S. rolfsii . Galling incidence was negatively correlated with plant growth, nodulation and yield of groundnut. 32. Swagatam Talukder, K.M. Khalequzzaman, S.M.K.E. Khuda, Md. Masud Alam and Md. Shams-Ud-Din. 2003. Prepackaging, storage losses and physiological changes of fresh brinjal as influenced by post harvest treatments. Online Journal of Biological Sciences, 3 (5): 474–477. Abstract: Different post-harvest treatments manifested specific attribute in maintaining physical appearance, acceptability and economic return for brinjal. It was observed that wet gunny bag treatment also resulted in the best physical appearance, acceptability, reduced weight loss and thereby highest economic return for brinjal at four days after storage. Considering all the attributes, perforated polythene bag treatment was also found to be a suggestive treatment for better storage. 33. Md. Kalim Uddin, K.M. Khalequzzaman, M.A. Rahman, M.M. Begum and M. Zibon Nessa. 2003. Integrated nutrient management in mustard (HYV)–boro rice (HYV)–transplanted aman rice (HYV) cropping system. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 6 (5): 467–471. Abstract: Seven different fertilizer combinations on cropping system basis were studied to develop a fertilizer package for mustard–boro rice–transplant aman rice cropping system. Significantly higher grain yield of mustard, boro rice and transplant aman rice were obtained when the recommended rate of fertilizer was applied. When P or K was not applied in boro rice after full NPKS application in the preceding mustard, gave similar yield to when received its recommended dose but when P or K was not applied for two consecutive boro (spring rice) and transplant aman rice (monsoon rice) it significantly reduced the transplant aman rice yield indicating that P or K had residual effect up to one succeeding crop. On the other hand , transplant aman need an extra application of both P and K fertilizer. Sulfur had a residual effect up to two succeeding crops if applied in full dose along with NPK in the preceding mustard. After application of full recommended dose of NPKS in the preceding mustard, a reduced (50%) dose of P + K along with a full N in the succeeding boro and transplant aman rice gave a similar yield to when recommended NPKS or NPK was used. To maintain soil fertility and to sustain crop yield this fertilizer practice may be considered as a good alternative compared to recommended fertilizer dose. 34. K.M. Khalequzzaman, Md. Kalim Uddin, M.S. Hossain, M.S. Islam and M.H. Rashid. 2003. Yearly incidence and effect of fungicides in controlling leaf spot of Sapota. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2 (5): 442–444. Abstract: The study was laid out to find out the peak disease incidence period of leaf spot of Sapota (Achras sapota) and to evaluate the effect of six fungicides in controlling the disease. A total of five sprays were applied at 15 days intervals during dry season (November–January). It has been observed that the peak incidence period of leaf spot disease was higher in November to January. All fungicides were found effective significantly in controlling leaf spot disease over control. Among the fungicides, Bavistin (0.1 %) and Dithane M-45 (0.2 %) were found better in controlling the disease. 35. Md. Kalim Uddin, K.M. Khalequzzaman, Md. Matiar Rahman, Nur-e-Alam Siddquie and Md. Omar Ali. 2003. Yield and yield components of winter chilli (Capsicum annum L.) as affected by different levels of nitrogen and boron. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 6 (6): 605–609. Abstract: The effects of different levels of nitrogen and boron fertilizer were determined on the yield and yield components of winter Chilli (Capsicum annum L), using different levels of nitrogen viz., 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 kg ha-1 and three levels of boron viz., 0, 1.5, 2.5 kg ha-1. The highest chilli yield (dry) was obtained from 120 kg N ha-1 (2.41 ton ha-1 in 1997-98 and 2.77 ton ha-1 in 1998-99) which differed significantly from other nitrogen levels. The yield was progressively increased with the increased levels of nitrogen up to 120 kg N ha-1 and thereafter it was declined. Among different levels of boron, the highest yield was obtained from 2.5 kg B ha-1 which was identical to 1.5 kg B ha-1. Interaction effects between nitrogen and boron on the chilli yield were found significant. In both the years, the highest chilli yield was recorded from 120 kg N ha-1 when applied with 2.5 kg B ha-1 which was identical to 120 kg N ha-1 when applied with 1.5 kg B/ha. 36. Md. Zohurul Islam, K.M. Khalequzzaman, G.M.M. Rahman, M. Tahasinul Islam and Md. Mosharraf Hossain. 2003. Effect of chemicals in controlling bacterial blight of cotton. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2 (7): 539-543. Abstract: A field experiment with 10 treatments was conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacy of five chemicals viz., Streptomycin sulphate, Thiovit 80 WP, Sulfuric acid, Dithane M-45 and Cupravit either alone or in combination in controlling bacterial blight and on yield of cotton. Germination was highest in T10 i.e. Seed treatment with Streptomycin sulphate (0.15%) and foliar spray with Cupravit (0.2%) + Streptomycin sulphate (150 ppm) having 86.31 %. The lowest disease index (21.24%) was found in T10 subsequently after three foliar sprays at 104 DAS. This treatment reduced the disease intensity and increased the yield of seed cotton with 26.02%. The treatment T9 (Foliar spray with Cupravit + Streptomycin sulphate) also resulted better performance in reducing disease intensity and increased yield of seed cotton by 22.81%. 37. K.M. Khalequzzaman, M.K. Uddin, M.A. Rahman, M.A. Rouf and A.K.M.Z. Rahman. 2003. Effect of fungicides in controlling foot and root rot of French bean by seed treatment. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 30 (1): 9–14. Abstract: The experiment was conducted both in the experimental field and in the laboratory of RARS, BARI, Hathazari, Chittagong during 1998-1999. The study was laid out with a view to evaluate the efficacy of different fungicides in controlling foot and root rot of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) by seed treatment and their effects on yield. The test variety was BARI bush bean 1. The seed treating fungicides were Cupravit 50 WP (@ 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 %), Bavistin (@ 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 %), Topsin M 70 WP (@ 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 %) and Vitavax 200 (@ 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 %). Vitavax 200 (0.3 %) and Bavistin (0.3 %) showed the highest germination (%) both in blotter and in field. The highest Foot and root rot (plant mortality) reduced by Vitavax 200 (0.3 %) in the field (63.12 %) and secondly Bavistin (0.3 %) with 60.84 % over untreated control. The maximum yield (22.15 t/ha) was obtained from Vitavax 200 (0.3 %). 38. M.M. Rahman, K.M. Khalequzzaman, T.K. Dey, M.A. Rahman and Md. Kalim Uddin. Effect of seed tuber treatment in controlling late blight of potato. Pakistan Journal of Plant Pathology, 2 (3): 157–160. Abstract: The experiment was conducted during 1996-97 and 1997-98 crop season with a view to determine the effectiveness of two systemic fungicides as seed treatment against late blight of potato caused by Phytophthora infestans. Potato seeds were used as whole and cut tuber and fungicides were applied on seed as dipping and spray. There were 10 treatments, each having three replications. Among the treatments, T1 (Whole+Ridomil dip.) appeared the best, which exhibited delaying on disease appearance, reduced foliage blight and increased yield significantly over control. 39. Mosharraf Hossain, Shah Md. Munirur Rahman, K.M. Khalequzzaman, Md. Nazrul Islam and M. Ashrafuzzaman. 2003. Performance of breeding lines/cultivars of rice against bacterial leaf blight and sheath rot under field condition. Online Journal of Biological Sciences, 3 (5): 478–483. Abstract: Twenty nine different genotypes/advanced breeding lines and four cultivars/checks viz. BR11, BR22, BR25 and BRRI dhan 38 of rice were selected for the study to examine and screen out the advanced hybrid lines, which are resistant/tolerant to BLB and sheath rot. Three accessions (22, 68, 157) showed resistant reaction in T. aman season and six accession (22, 54, 58, 68, 139, 157) showed highly resistant (HR) reaction and four entries (37, 62, 75, 128) were resistant to BLB in Boro season. One accession (58) showed resistant in T. aman season and three (59, BR11, BRRI dhan 38) were found highly resistant and one accession (54) showed resistant reaction to sheath rot in Boro season. So, these lines/varieties may be used as breeding material and cultivated for rice production. 40. M.M. Hoque, K.M. Khalequzzaman, Md. Abid Hussain, Md. Alauddin Khan and M. Ashrafuzzaman. 2003. Management of jute leaf mosaic through vector control and cultural practices. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2 (11): 826–830. Abstract: A field study was conducted to study some cultural treatments to find out an effective method, alternative to spraying of insecticide, for controlling vector to manage jute leaf mosaic disease. Five treatments viz. T1 (Malathion 57 E.C), T2 (field sanitation with rouging), T3 (Hanging of polythene strips), T4 (extra dose of nitrogen) and T5 (control) were assigned randomly having four replications. T2 and T4 showed best performance on all the parameters including leaf mosaic of jute. However, the highest yield of raw jute 3091.5 kg/ha and stick 5709.6/ha was obtained from T4 and the second highest 2541.6 kg/ha of raw jute and 5039.1 kg/ha of stick were obtained in T2. A combination of collection and use of seeds from healthy plants, one insecticidal spray around 30 days after emergence (DAE), combined with field sanitation with rouging several times in the growth period and application of an extra booster dose of nitrogen at around 45 DAE may be prescribed to farmers of Mymensingh region of Bangladesh. 41. S.N. Mozumder, A.S.M.H. Rashid, T.K. Paul, M.M.H. Molla and K.M. Khalequzzaman. 2003. Effects of Zn, S, Mo and B on seed production of cauliflower. Bangladesh Journal of Seed Science and Technology, 7 (1&2): 155–160. Abstract: The effects of fourteen nutrient combinations comprising four levels each of S (0, 12, 24, 36 kg/ha), Zn (0, 2, 4 & 6 kg/ha), Mo (0, 0.05, 1.0 & 1.5 kg/ha) and B (0, 1, 2 & 3 kg/ha) were studied on cauliflower seed production. There were no remarkable effects of S, Zn and Mo observed in respect of plant height and thousand seed weight of cauliflower. Application of incremental rate of S, Zn, Mo and B increased seed yield up to a certain level then declined. Boron deficiency severely affected on the seed production of cauliflower. Brown rot disease appeared in absence of B and seed production reduced severely. The maximum seed yield (5.73q/ha), gross return (Tk. 3436 lakh/ha), net return (Tk. 2791 lakh/ha) and BCR (5.32) were obtained from the nutrient combination S36Zn4Mo1B2 kg/ha. The calculated optimum and economic nutrient combination from the polynomial regression equation of the experimental result were S36Zn4.5Mo1.6B2.3 and S30Zn4.4Mo1.3B2.3 kg/ha, respectively. 42. Swagatam Talukder, K.M. Khalequzzaman, S.M.K.E. Khuda, Md. Shariful Islam and M.N.A. Chowdhury. 2003. Prepackaging, storage losses and physiological changes of fresh tomato as influenced by post harvest treatments. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 6 (14): 1205–1207. Abstract: Different post-harvest treatments manifested specific attribute in maintaining physical appearance, acceptability and economic return for tomato. The physical appearance and consumer's acceptability score for tomatoes at 6 days after storage revealed that, perforated polythene and wet gunny bag treatments showed better physical appearance than all other treatments. The score was the highest (10) at 0 days of storage and also the highest score 7 at 8 DAS in perforated polythene bag. The gross economic returns, considering weight loss, physical appearance and consumer's acceptability at 6 days after storage, tomatoes kept in perforated polythene bag was found to be the highest. The lowest return was observed in the polyester bag on the vegetable during storage. 43. M.M. Islam, G.M. Mujibur Rahman, M.A. Zahid, M.H. Reaza and K.M. Khalequzzaman. 2002. Evaluation of plant extracts for the control of Alternaria blight of mustard. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 28 (2): 213–216. Abstract: Antifungal activity of garlic (Allium sativum), neem (Azardirachia indica), biskatali (Palygonum hydropiper), korolla (Momordica charantia) and gada (Tagetes erecta) was tested to control Alternaria blight of mustard. Sprays with the five plant extracts @ 1:10 dilution were highly effective to reduce the Alternaria blight of mustard and to increase yield. Garlic bulb extract was found to be the best among all other treatments which reduced plant infection by 33.7%, leaf infection 32.6%, leaf area disease 19.5%, siliqua infection 43.2%, spots/siliqua 52.1% and increased seed yield by 49.8%. 44. Md. Moynul Hoque, Md. Mosharraf Hossain, Md. Rezaul Hoque Khan, K.M. Khalequzzaman and S.M.R. Karim. 2003. Effect of varieties of rice and weeding on weed growth and yield of transplant aman rice. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2 (13): 993–998. Abstract: An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, BAU, Mymensingh during June to December 2000 to assess the effect of varieties of transplanted aman rice and weeding regimes on weed growth and yield of transplant aman rice. Five varieties and five weeding were used in the experiment. The results revealed that BRRI dhan 34 was the most competitive variety, which provided with the least accumulation of weed dry matter per unit area. The ranking was BRRI dhan 34  Binashail > Nizershail > BRRI dhan 39  BRRI dhan 33 The ranking of the varieties in respect of grain yield was BRRI dhan 39  BRRI dhan 33 > Binashail > BRRI dhan 34 > Nizershail. The effect of weeding regimes produced significant differences on the weed growth and grain yield of transplant aman rice. The reduction of weed dry matter was similar in both two weeding and three weeding regimes. The highest grain yield was noted under three weeding conditions (3.95 t ha-1) which was at par with weed free (4.01 t ha-1), but dissimilar to two weeding regimes (3.71 t ha-1). 45. Md. Anwarul Haque, K.M. Khalequzzaman, Md. Shariful Islam and M.M. Hossain. 2003. Survey the prevalence of market diseases of banana. Pakistan Journal of Plant Pathology, 2 (3): 169–173. Abstract: Market diseases of banana were surveyed in three markets of Mymensingh town. Anthracnose and botryodiplodia rots were detected as the main cause of market rots of banana fruits. About 2.04-4.90% fruits were rotted during April-September due to anthracnose and 2.96- 4.74% owing to botryodiplodia rots. Both the diseases clearly correlated positive with temperature. The causes of anthracnose and botryodiplodia rots were identified as Colletotrichum musae and Botryodiplodia theobromae, respectively. 46. M.M. Islam, M. Ahmed, K.M. Khalequzzaman, M.H. Reza and S.M. Iqbal. 2004. Effects of the types of storage container and storage period on the quality of soybean seeds. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 31 (1): 71–74. Abstract: The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from May to October, 2001 to study the effect of types of storage containers and storage period on the quality of soybean seeds. Treatments composed of four types of storage containers viz. Glass container, Tin, Plastic container and polythene bag and six storage periods viz. 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days. Treatments were assigned to Completely Randomized design (CRD). The effect of storage container had significant effect on all the parameters except vigour index. Polythene bag showed the highest achievement for the parameters of germination percentage, shoot and root length, shoot and root dry mass as compared with the other three containers. Seeds stored in polythene bag had the highest germination (75.06%). Storage period had also significant effect on all the parameters. Germination, vigour index, shoot and root length, shoot and root dry mass gave the best response after 30 days of storage period. With the advancement of storage period, germination percentage had significantly decreased. The highest germination (86.65%) was found after 30 days of storage period. Therefore, storage of soybean seeds, stored in polythene bag for the period of 30 days appear to be the best for storage. 47. Swagatam Talukder, K.M. Khalequzzaman, M.N.A. Chowdhury, S.M.K.E. Khuda and Md. Masud Alam. 2004. Prepackaging, storage losses and physiological changes of fresh bitter gourd as influenced by post harvest treatments. Journal of Biological Sciences, 4 (5): 613–615. Abstract: Different post-harvest treatments manifested specific attribute in maintaining physical appearance, acceptability and economic return for bitter gourd. The physical appearance of bitter gourd at 6 days after storage was better in the perforated polythene bag and wet gunny bag. At the harvesting stage (0 day of storage) the score was the highest 10 and at 6 DAS the highest score 6 and 7 were recorded in perforated polythene bag and wet gunny bag, respectively. The gross return after 4 days after storage was higher in these treatments. 48. A.Q.M. Bazlur Rashid, R.C. Dhar and K.M. Khalequzzaman. 2004. Association of Bipolaris sorokiniana in wheat seed and its effect on subsequent plant infection at different growth stages. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2 (1): 67–72. Abstract: Seed borne B. sorokiniana was found to be highly associated (25.39 %) in black pointed wheat seeds with the lowest of 17.92 % in the selected healthy looking ones. Subsequently the minimum foliar infection at seedling, milking and grain filling stages of plant growth was recorded in the healthy looking seeds while the black pointed and shrivelled seeds gave rise the minimum apparently healthy looking grains after harvest. These seeds also yielded the minimum healthy looking grains and the maximum black pointed and shrivelled grains. Correlation coefficient revealed that prevalence of B. sorokiniana was significantly and positively correlated with leaf infection severity at seedling, milking and grain filling stage of wheat. Spike infection was significantly and negatively correlated with apparently healthy looking grains but significantly and positively correlated with black pointed and shrivelled grains. Selected healthy looking seeds may be advised for wheat seed production. 49. Mosharraf Hossain, K.M. Khalequzzaman, M.R.A. Mollah, Md. Abid Hussain and Md. Abdur Rahim. 2004. Reaction of breeding lines/cultivars of rice against brown spot and blast under field condition. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 3 (5): 614–617. Abstract: Twenty nine different genotypes/advanced breeding lines and four cultivars/checks viz. BR 11, BR 22, BR 25 and BRRI dhan 38 of rice were selected for the study to examine and screen out the advanced hybrid lines, which are resistant/tolerant to brown spot and blast disease. One accession showed resistant (R) reaction in T. aman season and twenty-nine cultivars showed moderately resistant (MR) reaction in boro season to brown spot. Thirteen accessions were found as moderately resistant (MR) in T. aman season and three breeding lines/genotypes were found to be highly resistant (HR) and five were resistant (R) in boro season to blast. So, these lines/cultivars may be used as breeding materials and cultivated for rice production. 50. M.S. Hossain, M.M. Rahman, K.M. Khalequzzaman and M.B. Wali. 2004. Effect of seedling ages on the yield and yield attributes of some boro rice varieties. Progressive Agriculture, 15 (1): 253–258. Abstract: An experiment was conducted to study the effect of seedling age on the growth and yield of 4 fine boro rice. The variety BR 16 produced the highest number of total tillers hill-1, effective tillers hill-1, total spikelets and filled grains panicle-1, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index. The 45 day old seedlings produced the highest total tillers hill-1, effective tillers hill-1, grains panicle-1, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield. BR 16 with 45 day old seedlings gave the highest grain yield (5.6 t ha-1) 51. M.A. Haque, M.S. Islam, K.M. Khalequzzaman and M.M. Hossain. 2004. Control of the Market Diseases of Banana. The Agriculturists, 2 (2): 64-70. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at the Department of Plant Pathology, BAU, Mymensingh during April 2001-September 2001 to formulate effective control measures against market diseases of banana. The cause of anthracnose and botryodiplodia rots were identified as Colletotrichum musae and Botryodiplodia theobromae. Wounding was prerequisite for successful infections for both the pathogens. Pre-inoculation spray with Bavistin and Tilt 250 EC at 1000 ppm concentration suppressed the infections completely. Post-inoculation spray with the same fungicides was found to be partially effective even at higher concentrations (1500, 2000 ppm). 52. M.M. Hossain, K.M. Khalequzzaman, Md. Amzad Hossain, M.R.A. Mollah and M.A. Siddique. 2004. Influence of planting time on the extension of picking period of four tomato varieties. Journal of Biological Sciences, 4 (5): 616–619. Abstract: An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different planting date and variety on the extension of picking period of tomato at the Horticulture Farm, BAU, Mymensingh during 2000-2001. Yield and yield contributing characters were best in October 25 planting. The highest yield of tomato (86.40 t/ha) was obtained from October 25 planting, compared to the lowest (16.8 t/ha) from February 24 planting. The variety BARI Tomato 7 produced the highest yield (57.02 t/ha) and BARI Tomato 5 produced the lowest yield (51.38 t/ha). All the parameters showed decreasing response with delay in planting. 53. Md. Moazzem Hoassain, K.M. Khalequzzaman, G.M.M. Rahman, A.K.M. Kamal Hasan and M.M. Islam. 2004. Effect of anaerobic conditions and solar heat treatment on seed-borne fungi of wheat. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 29 (4): 581 – 588. Abstract: Anaerobic condition created in water and vacuums were used in treating seeds for 24-216 hrs. Solar heat treatment was also employed. Five different fungi viz. Bipolaris sorokiniana, Alternaria tenuis, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus spp. detected in wheat seeds were reduced significantly. Treatment of seeds in anaerobic condition created in water and vacuum for 168-192 hrs gave good result for controlling all the fungi and germination of seeds remained above the national standard of 80%. Solar heat treatment was found to be best in the reduction of fungi associated with wheat seeds. Solar heat treatment of seeds for 12 hrs gave highest control of all the seed borne fungi. But all the drying periods (3, 6, 9 and 12 hrs) were significantly different from that of control. Out of the three bio-physical seed treatment methods, solar heat treatment of seeds was found to be best in reducing the seed borne fungi associated with wheat seeds and increasing germination. 54. M.S. Hossain, K.M. Khalequzzaman, M. A. Hossain, M. Hossain and M.R.A. Mollah. 2005. Effect of variety and fungicides in controlling tikka and rust diseases of groundnut. Journal of Subtropical Agricultural Research and Development, 3 (1): 57–60. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at RARS, Ishurdi, Pabna during rabi season (2003-2004) to find out the effective chemicals and varieties of groundnut against tikka and rust diseases. The highest score of tikka (4.37) and rust (4.23) diseases, and lowest yield (2.25 t/ha) were found in Dhaka 1 and the lowest score of the diseases and highest yield (2.26 t/ha) was found in BARI badam 5. The highest score of tikka (6.50) was recorded in control and the lowest score (2.81) was recorded in Folicure (0.1%). The score of rust ranged from 2.00 – 4.91, where the highest score was recorded in control and the lowest score was recorded in Folicure. Significantly highest yield (2.51 t/ha) was obtained from Folicure and the lowest yield (1.89 t/ha) was found in control. The score of tikka varied from 2.89 to 6.78, while the highest score was recorded in Dhaka 1 x control and lowest score (2.72) was recorded in BARI badam 5 x Folicure. Dhaka 1 x control had the highest score of rust (6.33) and the lowest score (1.50) of rust was obtained from BARI badam 5 x Folicure. The yield varied from 1.81 to 2.54 t/ha, where the highest and the lowest yields was obtained from BARI badam 5 x Folicure and BARI badam 5 x control, respectively. 55. M.R.A. Mollah, K.M. Khalequzzaman, M.J.Islam and M.A.H. Khan. 2005. Effect of varieties and boron on yield of chickpea at Rangpur region of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Environmental Science, 11 (1): 82-85. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Kurigram MLT site under Rangpur region during 2002-2003 to find out the suitable doses of boron for yield of chickpea varieties at this region. Two doses of boron fertilizer viz. 0, 1.0 and 2.0 kg/ha were used on two varieties of chickpea in the experiment. The tested varieties produced identical yield. Application of 1.0 to 2.0 kg B/ha significantly influenced on the seed yield of chickpea for both the varieties under test over control. Seed yield ranged from 466 to 1193 kg/ha, while the highest was observed in 2.0 kg of B which was identical to 1.0 kg of B (1181 kg/ha) and the lowest was recorded from control treatment. Farmers of this region may be advised to use 1.5 kg B/ha for chickpea production. 56. Md. Moazzem Hoassain, K.M. Khalequzzaman, F.M. Aminuzzaman, M.R.A. Mollah and G.M.M. Rahman. 2005. Effect of plant extracts on the incidence of seed-borne fungi of wheat. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 3 (1 & 2): 39-43. Abstract: Different plant parts of Bishkatali, Vatpata, Garlic, Gagra, Bitter gourd and Neem were tested against fungi associated with wheat seeds by blotter method. Seeds of wheat were collected from farmers. Plant extracts viz. Crude extract and alcoholic extract both in undiluted and diluted form were used for 24 hrs. by seed dipping. Five different fungi viz. Bipolaris sorokiniana, Alternaria tenuis, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus spp. detected in wheat seeds which were reduced significantly by plant extracts. Seed dipping in alcoholic extract for 24 hours resulted the highest reduction of seed borne fungi with the increase of seed germination. Crude extracts were found superior to the diluted extract. Out of 6 plant species, Neem extract was turned up as superior among the selected extracts followed by Garlic, Bishkatali and Vatpata. 57. S. N. Mozumder, M. Moniruzzaman, M. R. Islam, K.M. Khalequzzaman and S.N. Alam. 2005. Characterization and variability in hyacinth bean germplasms grown at the hilly areas of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 30 (3): 355-364. Abstract: Variability in 41 hyacinth bean (Lablab niger Medik.) germplasm were assessed at the Agricultural Research Station, Raikhali, Rangamati in two consecutive cropping seasons from July 2000 to March 2002. The experiment was conducted following a RCB design with three replications of 3m X 3m plot with flat bamboo mancha support. Data on flowering and harvest, pod size, fruiting and disease infestation were taken. A lot of variability was observed among the germplasm in respect of growth, plant vigour, number and weight of pods per plant, pod and seed characteristics and pod yield. The size of seeds range from 24.8 to 54.0g per 100 seeds, shape ranged from long to round and colour of seeds ranged from black to white. The number and weight of pods per plant ranged from 23.2 to 181.1 and 263 to 230g, respectively. The line CBR0141 flowered earlier (50 DAP) followed by CRB0140 (66LDAP) but produced comparatively low yield. Narrower pods were obtained from round poded line CBR0107 (1.34 cm) and wider pods were obtained from a flat poded line CBR0126 (2.66 cm). The line CBR0115 produced maximum number pods (187.5) per plant, pod yield per plant (2828g/plant), longest (15.3 cm) narrow pods and the highest pod yield (12.56t/ha). Anthracnose disease infestation was minimum (0.0) in CBR0104, CBR0106, CBR01112, CBR0118, CBR0121 and CBR0132, while it was severe (7.0) in CBR0109, CBR0123 and CBR0139. 58. M.R.A. Mollah, M.R. Khatun, M.J. Islam, M.A. Rahim and K.M. Khalequzzaman. 2005. Effect of boron fertilization on yield of mustard varieties. International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Technology, 1 (4): 77-81. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Farmers field of Kurigram MLT site under Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Rangpur during 2002-2003 to find out the suitable doses of Boron for yield of mustard varieties. Three doses of boron fertilizer viz. 0, 1.0 and 2.0 kg/ha were used on five varieties of mustard. Application of 1.0 to 2.0 kg B/ha significantly influenced on the seed yield of mustard varieties under the test over control. Dhali x 2.0 kg of Boron produced the highest seed yield (1610 kg/ha) which was statistically similar to Dhali x 1.0 kg of Boron. So, from the economic point of view, one kg of Boron per hectare may be recommended for mustard production at Ragnpur region. 59. A.Q.M. Bazlur Rashid, Md. Azharul Islam and K.M. Khalequzzaman. 2005. Study on variation of Bipolaris sorokiniana isolates obtained from different categories of wheat seeds. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 30 (4): 537-543. Abstract: Experiments were conducted to know the growing habit and the characteristics of Bipolaris sorokiniana associated with the different categories of wheat seeds and inert matter. The highest frequency (19.0%) of the pathogen was observed in endosperm region of the non-black pointed seeds with the minimum (1.0%) in embryonic region. Highest (64.7%) and lowest (9.96%) prevalence of the pathogen were recorded in lemma and rachis, respectively. The maximum growth of colony (5.73 mm/day) was obtained in fungus obtained from black pointed seeds. Significantly highest length (77.3 μ) and breadth (20.1 μ) of conidia was found in black pointed seeds. The isolate from black pointed seeds were found to develop significantly the higher disease severity (69.11%) and the lowest (57.5%) was obtained for isolate from non-black pointed seeds. 60. M.H. Rashid, M.M. Hossain, N. Ara, K.M.K. Zaman and M.M. Zaman. 2005. Wild rootstock for controlling bacterial wilt of tomato and brinjal. Bangladesh Journal of Seed Science and Technology, 9 (1&2): 47-50. Abstract: The rootstock of Solanum sisymbrifolium, S. torvum and S. integrifolium proved to be resistant to R. solanacearum. The graft compatibility of the rootsocks resistant to bacterial wilt with eggplaint was found better when compared with tomato. The rootstocks (40 days old) for grafting proved to be the best in relation to graft success, survival ability and yield of tomato. 61. A. A. M. Syedur Rahman, K.M. Khalequzzaman and G. M. M. Rahman. 2006. Incidence of leaf spot of mustard in akashmoni-mustard based agroforestry system. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 5 (2): 193-196. Abstract: The incidence of leaf spot of mustard (cv. BARI sharisha 13) grown in different orientations and distances under around twelve years old Akashmoni (Acacia auriculiformis) tree was studied in the field laboratory of the Department of Agroforestry, BAU, Mymensingh during 2004-05. The assessment result showed that the disease incidence was higher near the tree base in every side (1 m from the tree base) and higher in North side in all distances at different date of sowing. The lowest disease incidences were found in South orientations 3 m from the tree base and highest in North 1 m from the tree base. The siliqua infection significantly influenced on crop yield. The highest seed yield was observed in South orientation 3 m from the tree base and lowest in North 1 m from the tree base plot. The distance and orientation showed marked effect in disease development at different date after sowing. In open field condition (control) disease incidence also affect on yield and statistically different from tree-crop combination. 62. M. K. Jamil, M. M. Hossain, S. N. Mozumder, K.M. Khalequzzaman and A. K. M. Quamruzzaman. 2006. Growth analysis and yield of garden pea as influenced by variety and sowing date. International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Technology, 2 (1): 32-41. Abstract: An experiment was conducted at the expeimental farm of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur during November 2000 to March 2001 with a view to find out the effect of different variety and sowing date for dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, relative contribution to different plant components in respect of total dry matter (TDM) production, pod and seed yield. It is appeared that variety and sowing date influence significantly in respect of LAI, CGR, RGR and NAR. The maximum LAI (3.25) was observed at 70 DAS of BARI Motorshuti-2 at November 30 sowing, while higher RGR and NAR were found at BARI Motorshut-2 at November 15 sowing. The highest CGR was observed in BARI Motorshuti 2 at 15 November sowing. The highest and lowest green pod yield was obtained from BARI Motorshuti-2 at November 30 sowing and IPSA Motorshuti-1 at December 15 sowing, respectively. Varieties with high yield potential were associated with pod size, number of seed per pod and seed weight significantly higher total dry matter with rapid crop growth rate over time. CGR, RGR, LAI and TDM production were found to have strong relationship with green pod yield. 63. S.M.A. Shiblee, Md. Alamgir Hossain, Md. Sayedur Rahman, K.M. Khalequzzaman and A.S.M.M. Uddin. 2006. Marketing and market study on pickles at Cox’s bazar. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 31 (1): 153-162. Abstract: The present study was undertaken to know the status of different pickles of underutilised fruits at Cox’s bazar and to help formulate marketing strategies for a new product of pickles in Bangladesh. There were as many as sixteen various sizes or poly packages of pickles of which five were Burmese pickles imported form Myanmar. Pickles of ber, tamarind, Indian olive and mango were found at Cox’s bazar having different tastes, such as sour, sweet and mixed and different forms, such as dry, wet (oily) and powder. There was a wide variation in the volume of selling with time. The more were the number of tourists, the more the sale of pickles. December to March could be termed as the pick period of selling pickles in which highest sale was in the months of December and January. Excepting Burmese pickles, the quality and taste of the ‘Deshi’ pickles were very low. Substandard level of packaging was a great weakness of the pickles prevailing in the market. No legal obligation was followed in the labelling of either Burmese pickles or Bangladeshi pickles. Contrasting with other pickles sold at Cox’s bazar, ‘mishti teller boroi achar’ of Myanmar seemed to be the best pickle from the standpoint of highest sale and consumers’ opinion. 64. Sheikh Afsar Uddin, K.M. Khalequzzaman and A.Q.M. Bazlur Rashid. Effect of relative humidity on the development of head blight by Bipolaris sorokiniana in wheat. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 4 (1&2): 61-65. Abstract: Effect of exposure to different duration of high humidity (5,10,15,20,25 & 30 days) on the development of head blight caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana in wheat was studied in vitro. Maximum leaf blight severity of 42.97% and head blight development of 87.53% caused by the pathogen were recorded for the infected plants incubated for a period of 30 days under condition of high humidity. The treatments did not differ significantly with respect to head blight development except the control. Variable effects of the treatments was observed on the grain quality. The highest diseased (black pointed and shriveled) grains of 62.27% were recorded in treatment 6 (30 days exposure) followed by treatment 5 (25 days exposure) with 48.01% diseased grains. There were no significant differences among the other treatments except the check. 65. M.M.A. Reza, K.M. Khalequzzaman and A. Q. M. Bazlur Rashid. 2006. Effect of different levels of seed and plant infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana on wheat. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 31 (2): 241-248. Abstract: Effect of different levels of seed and plant infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana on wheat was determined under induced field condition. The maximum seed rot/seedling mortality (15.73%) followed by subsequent leaf blight severity (75.4%) was recorded as a result of sowing 30% infected seeds. While the minimum of 5% infected seeds resulted respectively 3.1% and 57.53% of the diseases. As high as 82.68% leaf blight severity was induced through artificial inoculation while the minimum disease severity (54.97%) was recorded in the control plots. The diseases were increased with the sowing of increased level of infected seeds. The regression line for seed rot/seedling mortality and leaf blight severity showed highly positive correlations with seed infection. There was also an increasing trend of linear relationship between the leaf blight severity and subsequent seed infection. While the maximum of 65.36% disease severity sustained 17.42% association of the pathogen with the seeds. 66. K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. M. Hasan, M. M. Islam, S. N. Mazumder and G. M. M. Rahman. 2006. Effect of top dressing of N-fertilizer at different stages of grain development of rice on the incidence of grain spotting and seed-borne fungi. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 31 (3): 411-417. Abstract: Influence of N fertilizer application at four grain development stages of rice on the incidence of spotted grains and prevalence of fungi associated with developing grains was studied. N-level influenced grain spotting significantly. Lowest number of spotted grains was obtained from control treatment which was significantly different from all other treatments where N-fertilizer was added at different doses. The six different fungi viz. Alternaria tenuis, Curvularia lunata, Drechslera oryzae, Fusarium spp. Phoma sp. and Pyricularia oryzae were detected at different grain development stages. The prevalence of seed-borne fungi was influenced by N-fertilizer. Increased percentage of fungal infections was recorded with the increased level of N-fertilizer. Seed-borne fungi of rice got their entry into the seed at flowering stage which were succeeded to the onward grain development stages. 67. M.R.A. Mollah, M. Asaduzzaman, K.M. Khalequzzaman, M.N.A. Siddquie and M. A. Rahim. 2007. Integrated nutrient management for Boro-T.aman rice cropping pattern in the level barind tract area (AEZ 25). International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 2 (1): 23-27. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Joypurhat MLT Site, Bogra (AEZ 25) during 2001-03 to find out a different nutrient management packages for Boro-T.Aman rice cropping pattern. The experiment was laid out following RCBD with six treatments including one farmers” practice and one fertilizer control in six dispersed replications. The other four treatments were soil test based (STB) fertilizer dose for moderate yield goal (MYG) and high yield goal (HYG). STB based fertilizer dose for HYG plus cowdung (5 t/ha) and fertilizer dose as per country’s Fertilizer Recommendation Guide (FGR ‘97). For the average result of three consecutive years it was indicated that the highest grain yield of Boro (5.487 t/ha) and T.aman (4.75 t/ha) were obtained from IPNS. The highest average gross margin was Tk. 33556/ha and MBCR (1.65) in Boro rice over control. The highest gross margin (Tk. 31276/ha) and MBCR (1.93) of T.aman rice were also obtained from IPNS over control. So the IPNS was economically and agronomically profitable dose of fertilizer for the level Baring Tract area (AEZ 25). 68. M.R.A. Mollah, M. A. Rahim, K.M. Khalequzzaman, M. A. Akther and M. J. Islam. 2007. Development of fertilizer recommendation for mustard-boro-T.aman rice cropping pattern under karatoya bangali flood plain soils. International Journal of Rural Development, 1 (1): 1-5. Abstract: An experiment was conducted at Gabtali, Bogra (AEZ - 4) for three years (2001-2003) to determine the optimum fertilizer doses for Mustard-Boro-T.aman cropping pattern which enhanced total production and profit. Six nutrient management packages including one farmers’ practice and one control were tested. The other four treatments were soil test based (STB) fertilizer dose for moderate yield goals (MYG) and high yield goal (HYG). STB based fertilizer dose for HYG plus mustard oil cake (400 kg/ha) and fertilizer dose as per country’s Fertilizer Recommendation Guide (FRG ’97). Three years average results of HYG gave higher yield performance of crops compared to the other treatments. The mean yield performance of treatment T2 (HYG) over three years of mustard, Boro and T. aman were 1.11, 5,59 and 3.39 t/ha, respectively. The average gross margin (Tk. 17408/ha) and MBCR (3.77) of mustard was the highest in T2 (HYG). Similarly the highest gross margin (Tk. 38597/ha) and mean benefit and cost return (MBCR) (2.77) of Boro rice were observed from T2 (HYG). It was also observed that the highest gross margin (Tk. 23718/ha) and MBCR of T. aman obtained from T2. 69. M.M. Rahman, M.A. Ali, T.K. Dey, K.M. Khalequzzaman and M.R.A. Mollah. 2007. Effect of planting time on incidence and developments of late blight disease in four varieties of potato. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 32 (1): 81-90. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Tuber Crop Research Sub-centre (TCRC), BARI, Bogra to investigate the effect of different planting dates on the development of late blight disease in four potato varieties. Results indicated that the varieties Chamak and Heera were highly susceptible to late blight disease and Cardinal and Dheera showed less early infection, but become susceptible to late growth stage. Among the three planting times, all the varieties exhibited increased late blight symptoms in the November 15 planting and comparatively less symptoms in the early and late planting during early observations, but in the late observation all varieties showed susceptible reaction to the disease irrespective of planting times. 70. M.H. Rashid, K. M. Khalequzzaman, M.S. Alam, S.A. Uddin and S.K. Green. 2007. Screening of different sweet pepper lines against cucumber mosaic virus and chili veinal mottle virus. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 2 (3): 1-4. Abstract: The experiment was carried out at the research farm of HRC, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during 2000-2001 and 2001 - 2002. In ELISA test the pepper lines C-4, C-8 and Local check showed positive reaction to CMV and the line CV-6, CV-8 and Local check showed positive reaction to CVMV during 1999-2000 cropping season. The remaining lines showed negative reaction. But the line C-4, C-8, C-9 and Local check showed positive reaction to CMV and CV-5, CV-6, CV-8 and Local check gave the positive reaction to CVMV during 2000-2001 cropping season. So, the sweet pepper lines C-1, C-5, C-7, CV-1 and CV-22 may be used in breeding program for varietal improvement against the viruses. 71. S.M.L. Rahaman, M.O. Kaisar and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2007. Studies on physico-morphological characteristics of different pummelo lines. Bangladesh Journal of Progressive Science and Technology, 5 (2): 378-380. Abstract: Physio-morphological characterises of 10 local pummelo lines were studied at the Citrus Research Station, BARI, Jaintapur, Sylhet during 2002-03. All the lines differed significantly in respect to all characters studied. The line CG0038 perfumed the best vegetative growth. Different shapes ol fruit namely pyriform, spheroid, obloid and ellipsoid were found in different lines. CG003 produced maximum fruit per plant (55.25). The line CG0025 produced biggest fruit 1747.34 g with maximum size (17 cm x 15.3 cm), while CG0041 produced smallest fruit (850.72 g). Rind thickness was found minimum in CG0056 and DA-2. Flesh colour varied from pink to white in different pummelo lines. Maximum total soluble solids (TSS) percent was recorded in CG0041 (9.08%) that was followed by VG0045 (8.54%). Pulp bitterness was observed nil in CG0038 and DA-2 while the test were slight bitter. Juiciness of all the lines except CG0038 was observed high. Considering quantitative and qualitative characteristics the lines CG0045, CG0038, CG0041 and CG003 showed superior to others. 72. M.R.A. Mollah, M. Asaduzzaman, M.A. Akther and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2007. Synchronization of nitrogen application with growth stages of maize. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 2 (3): 53-55. Abstract: The experiment was conducted to verify the effect of nitrogen (N) application at different growth stages of maize at Multilocation Testing (MLT) site sherpur under On Farm Research Division, BARI, Bogra during 2005-06. Three urea application treatments were T1 (1/3 as basal + 1/3 at 8 leaves stage + 1/3 at tasseling stage), T2 (30 % as basal + 70% at 8 leaves stage) and T3 (50% as basal and 50% at 8 leaves stage). Plant height, no of filled grains/cob, 100 seed weight, grain yield and straw yield were highest in T2 compared to others. On the other hand, the highest no of cob was found in T1 and unfilled grain/cob in T3. There was no significant difference for grain yield among the treatments: But the comparatively higher grain yield (8.27 t/ha) was obtained from treatment T2. The present results clearly indicate that in hybrid maize urea should be applied either 30% or 50% as basal and rest 70% or 50% at 8 leaves stage instead of 1/3 as basal +1/3 at 8 leaves stage + 1/3 at tasseling stage. 73. M.O. Kaisar, M. Asaduzzaman, A.K. Choudhury and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2007. Development of fertilizer recommendation for fallow-T. aus-T.aman cropping pattern under surma-kushyara flood plain soil. Journal of Soil and Nature, 1 (2): 35-38. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Golapgonj, Sylhet under Surma-Kushyara floodplain soil for three consecutive years (2001-2003) to find out the optimum fertilizer doses for Fallow-T. aus-T. aman cropping pattern. Six treatments including balanced inorganic fertilizer doses for moderate (ED1) and high yield goal (ED2), integrated nutrient management for high yield goal (INM), recommended fertilizer dose given in Fertilizer Recommendation Guide’97 (FRG’97), farmers’ practice (FP) and absolute control were tested. Fertilizer doses were estimated as per treatment based on soil test values. The highest grain yield was obtained from ED2 in both T. aus (5.23 t/ha) and T. aman (5.15 t/ha) crops, which were closely followed by INM (5.20 and 5.06 t/ha, respectively). Similar trend was observed in straw yield. Gross margin was highest in ED2 (Tk. 76688.53/ha) followed by INM (Tk. 73797.90/ha). The highest marginal benefit cost ratio over control was recorded in ED1 (7.34) indicating the most economically profitable dose. 74. M.R.A. Mollah, S.M.L. Rahaman, K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. A. Rahim and M. A. Akther. 2007. Performance of intercropping groundnut with garlic and onion. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 2 (5): 31-33. Abstract: An experiment was conducted at Multilocation testing (MLT) Site, Gabtali, Bogra under On Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Station, Seujgari, Bogra during the Rabi season of 2005-06 and 2006-07 to verify the performance of groundnut + garlic and groundnut+ onion intercropping in the farmers field. The experimental designed was used RCB with 3 replication. Average of two years results, two rows of onion and garlic in between 40 cm apart rows of groundnut produced the higher groundnut equivalent yields (2.67 and 2.94 t/ha, respectively) with higher gross margin (Tk. 21381.00 and Tk. 26788.00 per hectare, respectively) . The lowest groundnut equivalent yield (1.80 t/ha) with lower gross margin (Tk.12238.00 /ha) were obtained from sole groundnut .Yield of groundnut with one row of onion and garlic was higher than that of two rows of onion and garlic. 75. M.A. Hossain, K. M. Khalequzzaman, M.K. Alam, M.R. Islam and G.M.M. Rahman. 2007. Effect of different distances and orientations on growth and yield performance of mustard grown as understory crop with akashmoni tree. Journal of Innovation and Development Strategy. 1 (1): 12-17. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Agroforestry Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during November 2004-March 2005 to evaluate the effect of different distances and orientations on growth and yield of mustard under Akashmoni tree. The highest grain yield was observed in 3 m away from the base of tree. Compared to open field, the dry seed yield of mustard in different distances i.e. 3m, 2m and 1m away from the tree base of Akashmoni were 2.13, 1.75 and 1.53 t/ha, respectively. The lowest grain yield was obtained from the ON - orientation and it was gradually increased in OE, OW, OS and open field (OO). Orientation also showed the significant effect on plant height, number of branch plant-1, root weight plant-1, shoot weight plant-1, number of siliqua plant-1, length of siliqua (cm), number of seeds siliqua-1, fresh yield, dry yield and 1000 seed weight. Compared to open field, the dry seed yield of mustard under Akashmoni tree in different orientations i.e. south, west, east and north were 2.07, 1.59, 1.34 and 0.98 t/ha, respectively. It can be concluded that near the base of tree obtained lowest yield of mustard due to shading and nutrient competition and gradually increased 1, 2 and 3 m away from the base of Akashmoni tree. Although the open field produced maximum yield, but combined production system may become beneficial for the farmers from sustainable point of view. 76. A.H.M.M. Haque, M.A.H. Akon, M.A. Islam, K. M. Khalequzzaman and M. A. Ali. 2007. Study of seed health, germination and seedling vigour of farmers produced rice seeds. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 2 (5): 34-39. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Babugonj, Barisal; MS Laboratory of Plant Pathology Department, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh and Seed Pathology Centre, BAU, Mymensingh during 2003-04 to investigate the health, germination and seedling vigor of the farmers produced rice seeds and to compare the health and quality of seeds produced by trained and untrained farmers. The rice seed samples cv. BR 11 were collected from 5 trained and 5 untrained farmers of Babugonj, Barisal to investigate the seed health and quality. Dry inspection, physical sorting, blotter test, germination test and seedling vigor tests were performed. Maximum pure seed (99.01%) was found in seed samples of trained farmers and minimum (96.19%) in untrained farmers. Healthy seed (67.7%) were recorded in seed samples of trained farmers and 48.41% in untrained farmer’s samples. Four fungal genera were associated with the six month stored rice seed samples. The genera were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium. and Curvularia. In case of freshly harvested rice seed, trained farmers samples yielded the lowest count of Fusarium sp. (2.6%), Bipolaris oryzae (2.9%), Curvularia sp (0.9%), Alternaria padwickii (0.3%), Nigrospora oryzae (1.6%). Seeds of trained farmers gave maximum germination (81.5%) and also yielded maximum number of healthy seedlings (76.6%). The seeds of untrained farmers had very low germination (62.2%), highest number of diseased (6.8%), abnormal seedlings (6.75%) and lowest number of normal seedlings (48.6%). Root length, shoot and root weight of trained farmers seedlings were higher than untrained farmers. Trained farmers seeds resulted increased in seedling vigor and produced more healthy seedlings. 77. K. M. Khalequzzaman and M. A. Karim. 2007. Study of agricultural mechanization and its impact on rural environment. Journal of Innovation and Development Strategy. 1 (1): 37-40. Abstract: The survey was conducted at author’s own village “Charia Kalibari” in the Hatikumrul Union Parishad (No. 9) under Ullapara Upazila in Sirajganj District, Bangladesh during 2006 to know the status of agricultural mechanization and its impact on rural environment. Most of the farmers (80%) of the village said that fertility of soil was increased by agricultural mechanization. Farmers of the village seemed that layer of water was decreasing by deep tube well, as a result less water was being uptaking by wells and tube wells. Beneficiary earthworm and insects were destroyed by spraying pesticides. Animal draft power was decreasing with the increase of power tiller. As a result, cowdung is decreasing day by day. So, farmers used excessive chemical fertilizers instead of compost, which create toxicity in soil. Finally they stated that many peoples are being jobless which creates social problems. Eighty per cent farmers informed lack of spray machine for pesticides spray and high price of pesticides, and lack of fuel and high price of fuel for power tiller and power pump. Sixty per cent respondents claimed that lack of power tiller for tillage operation and lack of power pump for irrigation. Ninety per cent villagers told about improper supply of electricity. 78. K. M. Khalequzzaman and I.Hossain. 2007. Effect of seed treatment with Rhizobium strains and biofertilizers on foot and root rot and yield of bush bean in Fusarium solani infested soil. Journal of Agricultural Research, 45 (2): 151-160. Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted in the glasshouse of the Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during 2002–2003. Six Rhizobium strains and three biofertilizers were used for seed treatment. The variety used was BARI Bushbean 1. Rhizobium strains (BINAR P36 and BINAR P6) and BINA biofertilizer resulted in maximum reduction of seed rot, foot and root rot (Fusarium solani) of bushbean. In addition, there was increased germination, plant stand, shoot length, root length, shoot weight, root weight, vigour index, plant height, number of green pods, weight of green pods, weight of seeds and healthy looking seeds. Among Rhizobium strains, BINAR P36 performed better. So, BINAR P36 may be used for reducing foot and root rot and increasing yield of bushbean. 79. M.N.A. Chowdhury, M.A. Rahim, K. M. Khalequzzaman, M.R. Humuan and M.M. Alam. 2007. Effect of plant extracts and time of application on incidence of anthracnose, yield and quality of mango. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 2 (5): 59-68. Abstract: The experiment was carried out for controlling mango antharcnose and achieving higher yield and quality of mango cv. Amrapali at the Germplasm Centre of the Fruit Tree Improvement Project (GPC-FTIP), Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from July 2002 to July 2003. The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect the time of application and different plant extract on incidence of anthracnose, yield and quality of mango. The highest (5.30 t/ha) yield was found from thrice application and the lowest (2.86 t/ha) was found from control. The highest (30) number of healthy fruits and yield (6.44 t/ha) was found from Dithane M-45 and the lowest (13) numbers of healthy fruits and yield (2.28 t/ha) were found from control. The second highest (28) number of healthy fruits and yield (5.59 t/ha) were found from garlic extract. 80. K. M. Khalequzzaman and I. Hossain. 2007. Seed treatment with Rhizobium strains and biofertilizers for controlling foot and root rot (Rhizoctonia solani) of bush bean. Plant Environment Development, 1(2): 109-113. Abstract: Rhizobium strains (BINAR P36 and BINAR P6) and BINA biofertilizer resulted in maximum reduction of seed rot, and foot and root rot (Rhizoctonia solani) BARI Bush bean 1 in pot experiment. These treatments also increased seed germination, plant stand, shoot length/plant, root length/plant, shoot weight/plant, root weight/plant, vigour index, plant height, number of green pods/plant, weight of green pods/plant, weight of seeds/plant and healthy looking seeds. Rhizobium strains BINAR P36 showed the best performance. 81. K. M. Khalequzzaman and I. Hossain. 2007. Effect of Rhizobium strains and biofertilizers on the incidence of foot and root rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) and yield of Bushbean. Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture, 32(2): 49-53. Abstract: A glasshouse experiment was carried out to observe the effect of Rhizobium strains and biofertilizers on the incidence of foot and root rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii and yield of bushbean. Seeds of a susceptible bushbean variety BARI bushbean-1 were treated with six Rhizobium strains namely BAUR 349, BARU 107, BARIR 301, BARIR 1000, BINAR P6 and BINAR P36, and three biofertilizers viz. BAU biofertilizer, BARI biofertilizer and BINA biofertilizer. Treated seeds were sown in S. rolfsii infested soil. Data on incidence of seed rot, foot and root rot, plant growth, grain yield and yield contributing characters were recorded. The incidence of seed rot and foot and root rot were 33.79 and 54.00%, respectively under control. Incidence of seed rot was reduced to 9.75-21.00% and that of foot and root rot to 12.54-27-57% due to treatment of seeds with the materials. The treatments also gave increase in germination, plant stand, plant growth, grain yield and yield contributing characters. The most effective material was BINAR P36, which was followed by BINAR P6 and BINA biofertilizer. Rhizobium strain, BINAR P36 may be selected for testing under field conditions. 82. M.M. Rahman, T.K. Dey, M.A. Ali, K. M. Khalequzzaman and M. A. Hussain. 2008. Control of late blight disease of potato by using new fungicides. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 3 (2): 10-15. Abstract: An investigation was carried at Tuber Crops Research Sub-Centre (TCRSC), Bogra during 2002 and 2003 crop season to find out suitable fungicide(s) to combat the late blight disease of potato. Altogether 13 fungicides viz. Amcozeb, Coromil Mz-72, Dithane M-45, Filthane M-45, Mancozeb, Metaril, Melody Duo, Oxivit, Ridomil gold, Secure, Unilax, Vitamyl Mz-72 and Zhemetalax were tested against the disease in two consecutive seasons. All the fungicides significantly reduced the late blight incidence of potato over control. Among the fungicides, Filthane M-45, Secure, Melody Duo, Ridomil gold and Metaril are highly effective to minimize late blight and to increase yield of potato. 83. R. Podder, S. Dey, M.R. Islam, H. Kohinoor and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2008. Availability of delivered services by rural agricultural sector. Journal of Innovation and Development Strategy, 2(1): 33-38. Abstract: A survey was conducted at the North Joypur and Richow belong to North Comilla Upazilla of Comilla District during 2007 to find out the socio-economic status of the people and to know the present status of delivery of the services and supplies the respondents from nation building department at Upazila level. For collection of primary data, a total number of 30 farmers of different categories were selected randomly and equally from the two villages. Data were recorded face to face at the residence of the respondents by using pre-designed and objective oriented interview schedule or questionnaire. Literacy rate in both the villages were about 80%. Agriculture was the main occupation of the villagers with associated of different of farm activities like small cottage, small-scale business, working in foreign country, government jobs etc. from the findings it was observed that only nine respondents out of 30 got few trainings on crop production from DAE and less than 50 percent respondents participated motivational program like field day, field trip etc. at different season on block demonstration of different crops whereas 16 respondents out of 30 got services from Upazila Fisheries office under Department of Fisheries on modern fish culture. 84. M.N.A. Chowdhury, M.A. Rahim K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. J. Alam and M.R. Humauan. 2008. Effect of horticultural practices on incidence of anthracnose on yield and quality of mango. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 3 (2): 1-9. Abstract: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different horticultural practices for controlling mango antharcnose with achieving higher yield and quality of mango cv. Amrapali at the Germplasm Centre of the Fruit Tree Improvement Project (GPC-FTIP), Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from July 2000–July2002. It was found that application of different horticultural practices effectively reduced the mango anthracnose. P+W+S produced the highest (47.34) number of healthy fruits per plant and the lowest (27.17) was obtained from control plant. The highest (10.26 t/ha) yield was obtained from P+W+S treated plant and the lowest (4.97 t/ha) was found from control plant. Second year x P+W+S treated plant resulted the highest (11.04 t/ha) yield and the lowest (5.40 t/ha) was found from 2nd year x control treated plant. 85. K. M. Khalequzzaman and I.Hossain. 2008. Effect of seed treatment with Rhizobium strains and biofertilizers on foot/root rot and yield of bushbean in Fusarium oxysporum infested soil. Journal of Agricultural Research, 46 (1): 55-64. Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted in glasshouse of Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh during 2002-2003. Effect of Rhizobium strains and biofertilizers on foot/root rot and yield of bushbean (cv. BARI Bushbean-1). Six Rhizobium strains and three biofertilizers were used for seed treatment. Rhizobium strains (BINAR P36 and BINAR P6) and BINA biofertilizer resulted in maximum reduction of seed rot and foot/root rot (Fusarium oxysporum) of bushbean. These strains also increased germination, plant stand, shoot length per plant, root length per plant, shoot weight per plant, root weight per plant, vigour index, plant height, number of green pods per plant, weight of green pods per plant, weight of seeds per plant and healthy looking seeds in pot trials. Among them strain BINAR P36 performed better for green pods per plant (14.59), weight of green pods per plant (62.95 g), seeds per pod (5.97), weight of seeds per plant (18.98 g) and healthy looking seeds (94.35 %), which may be used for reducing foot and root rot and increasing yield of bushbean. 86. K. M. Khalequzzaman and I. Hossain. 2008. Effect of presowing seed treatment with Rhizobium strains and biofertilizers for controlling foot and root rot disease of bush bean caused by Fusarium poae. Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture and Environment, 4 (1): 59-64. Abstract: An experiment was conducted in a glasshouse to find out the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with six Rhizobium strains and three biofertilizers on foot and root rot (Fusarium poae) disease and yield of bushbean (Phaseolus vulgaris) variety BARI bushbean 1. The treatments caused reduction in incidence of the disease and increased in plant growth, yield and yield contributing characters significantly over control. Rhizobium strains, BINAR P36 and BINAR P6 and BINA biofertilizer gave maximum reduction of seed rot, foot and root rot, and discoloured seeds and increased germination, plant stand, shoot and root length/plant, seedling vigour, number and weight of green pods/plant, yield of seeds/plant. Among the materials Rhizobium strain BINAR P36 showed best performance. So, it may be selected for testing under field conditions. 87. M.S. Islam, M.M. Akhter, N.SQ. Rahman, M.B. Banu and K. M. Khalequzzaman, 2008. Effect of nitrogen and number of seedlings per hill on the yield and yield components of T. aman rice (BRRI Dhan 33). International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 3 (3): 61-65. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy field Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during the period from July to December, 2007 to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) and number of seedlings hill-1 on the yield and yield components of transplant aman rice cv. BRRI dhan 33. Five levels of N (viz. 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 kg ha-1) and four levels of seedlings hill-1 (viz. 1, 2, 3 and 4 seedlings hill-1) were taken as treament combination. The application of N fertilizer significantly influenced the plant height, number of tillers, effective tillers, panicle length, grains panicle-1 and grain yield. The highest grain yield 4.27 t ha-1 was recorded with the N4 (100 kg N ha-1). Among four levels of seedlings, three seedlings hill-1 (S3) was the best in respect of plant height, tillers hill-1, effective tillers hill-1, grains panicle-1 and grain yield (4.07 t ha-1). The interaction effect of different doses of N and number of seedlings per hill was significant in all the parameters. The treatment combination N4S3 produced the highest 1000-grain weight followed by N1S1 and N5S1 and grain yield (4.90 t ha-1), on the other hand the lowest grain yield 2.60 t ha-1 was recorded from N1S3. 88. N. Ara, M.K. Bashar, Md. Kalim Uddin and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2008. Evaluation of pummelo, Citrus grandis L cultivars in northern area of Bangladesh. Journal of Agricultural Research, 46 (1): 65-75. Abstract: Twenty four cultivars of pummelo (Citrus grandis L.) were studied at the established pummelo orchard, Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during the year 2004-2005. Among these cultivars, Bog-6, Din-29 and Pab-42 were found better in respect of fruit characteristics. The plants of cultivar Din-29 produced maximum number of fruits per plant (48.0) followed by Bog-6 (40) and Pab-42 (38). The fruit of cultivar Raj-75 was the heaviest (1370.0g) whereas cultivar Rang-40 produced the smallest fruit (608.5g). Maximum total soluble solid (TSS) was recorded in Pab-42 (13.3%) followed by Din-29 (12.4%), Rang-50 (12.2%), Raj-32 (12.0%), Raj-51 (11.6%), Bog-6 (11.6%) and Raj-48 (11.1%). The total acid varied from 0.11 to 0.88 percent. Considering quantitative and qualitative characteristics, Bog-6, Din-29 and Pab-42 were found better. 89. M.R.A. Mollah, K. M. Khalequzzaman, M.M. Hossain and S.M.L. Rahman. 2008. Cropping pattern based fertilizer recommendation for mustard-boro-T. aman rice cropping pattern under AEZ 25 at Nandigram, Bogra. Journal of Soil and Nature, 2 (2): 31-34. Abstract: An experiment was conducted at Nandigram Multilocation Testing (MLT) Site, Bogra (AEZ-25.) during 2003-04, 2004-2005 and 2005-06 to determine the optimum fertilizer dose for Mustard –Boro-T.aman rice cropping pattern which enhancing total production and profit. Six different doses of fertilizer were estimated from soil test value, BARC Fertilizer Recommendation Guide’ 97 and Farmers practice. From the average of three years results it was found that the highest grain yield and gross margin were obtained from (T2) soil test base (STB) fertilizer dose for high yield goal (HYG) in all crops and it was followed by IPNS (T3). The lowest grain yield and gross margin from T6 (Absolute control) in all crops. On the basis of yield and economic return, the soil test base fertilizer dose may be recommended for Mustard –Boro T. aman rice cropping pattern in the Level Barind Tract soil (AEZ-25) at Nandigram, Bogra. The application of organic manure (4-5 t/ha) once in a year could be suggested for sustaining soil fertility. 90. K. M. Khalequzzaman and I. Hossain. 2008. Efficacy of Rhizobium strains and biofertilizers for controlling foot and root rot and increasing green pod yield of Bush bean. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 33(4): 617-622. Abstract: The experiment was conducted during 2002—03 in the infested plot of the BINA sub-station at Ishurdi, Pabna to evaluate the effectiveness of Rhizobium strains and biofertilizers in controlling the foot and root rot disease, and to increase green pod yield of Bush bean under field condition. The highest germination (91.6%) was recorded with BINAR P36, which was statistically similar to BAUR 107, BARIR 7029, BARIR 1000, BINAR P6 and BINA biofertilizer. The lowest germination (77.9%) was found in untreated control. The highest foot and root rot (24.5%) was observed in untreated control and the lowest (10.00%) was in BINAR P36. Biofertilizers and Rhizobial strains decreased foot and root rot upto 59.2% over untreated control. The highest green pod yield (20.8 t/ha) was obtained for using BINAR P36, which was followed by BARIR 7029, BARIR 892, BARIR 1000, BINAR P6 and BINA biofertilizer. The lowest green pod yield (13.6 t/ha) was found in untreated control. Rhizobium strain BINAR P36 may be used as seed treatment for controlling foot and root rot and increasing green pod yield of Bush bean. 91. A.H.M.M. Haque, R. Saha, M.M. Alam, K. M. Khalequzzaman and L. Yasmin. 2008. Study of insect transmission of jute leaf mosaic virus and management through use of insecticide. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 3 (6): 64-67. Abstract: The experiment was conducted in the field of department of plant pathology, BAU, Mymensingh during April to September, 2006 to study the insect transmission and management through use of insecticide and to evaluate the relationship of white fly population with the spread of jute leaf mosaic virus. It was observed that the causal agent is readily transmissible through Bemisia tabaci (White fly) in three capsularis species. The transmission rate depended on cultivars. Symptom bearing plants of CV. D-154 gave the highest 24% and 35% symptom for both sprayed and non sprayed plot respectively. In the field experiment it was revealed that the disease incidence was more in non sprayed plots than sprayed plots, indicating vector (white fly) transmission as positive. The rate of increasing disease incidence was higher up to 45 days than later. 92. K. M. Khalequzzaman and I. Hossain. 2008. Effect of Rhizobium strains and biofertilizers on foot, root rot and yield of Bush bean in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infested soil. Journal of Bio-science, 16: 73-78. Abstract: A glasshouse experiment was carried out to find out the effect of Rhizobium strains and biofertilizers on foot and root rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) and yield of Bush bean. Six Rhizobium strains and three biofertilizers were used for seed treatment. Rhizobium strains (BINAR P36 and BINAR P6) and BINA biofertilizer resulted maximum reduction of seed rot, and foot and root rot of Bush bean in pot. In addition, these treatments increased germination, plant stand, shoot length/plant, root length/plant, shoot weight/plant, root weight/plant, vigour index, plant height, number of green pods/plant, weight of green pods/plant, weight of seeds/plant and healthy looking seeds in pot trials. Among them Rhizobium strains (BINAR P36) showed best performance. 93. K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2008. Effect of seed treating fungicides and biofertilizers in the incidence of foot and root rot disease of lentil and chickpea. Annals of Bangladesh Agriculture, 12 (2): 39-44. Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to test the efficacy of pre-sowing seed treatment with two fungicides namely Vitavax 200, Bavistin 50 WP and a biofertilizer (Rhizobium) to control foot and root rot disease of lentil and chickpea caused by Fusarium spp. and Sclerotium rolfsii. It was found that inoculation of seeds with Rhizobium at 40g/kg seed, dry seed treatment with Vitavax 200 at 0.25% (w/w), Bavistin at 0.15% (w/w) or dipped in 0.25% suspension of Vitavax 200 and 0.15% suspension of Bavistin 50 WP for 1 and 3 hours gave significant decrease in foot and root rot incidence and increase in plant stand and grain yield of the two crops as compared to control. The treatments also caused appreciable improvement of plant growth over control. In respect of disease control, the best treatment was dipping seeds in 0.25% suspension of Vitavax 200 for 3 hours, which was followed by dipping for 1 hour, dry seed treatment with the same fungicide, similar treatments with Bavistin 50 WP. The least effective treatment was inoculation of seeds with Rhizobium. The efficacy of the biofertilizer to increase grain yield was at par with the fungicides. Moreover, it adds nitrogen to the soil. So, inoculation of seeds may be considered as the best treatment. 94. H.P. Roy, M.A. Salam, M.R. Islam, K.U. Ahammed. B. Akhter and K. M. Khalequzzaman and A. Hoque. 2009. Weed infestation and yield performance of boro rice in direct seeding method as influenced by green growth regulator and herbicides. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 4 (1): 83-90. Abstract: An experiment was carried out at the experimental field of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, during February to May 2005 to investigate the effect of green growth regulator (GGR-6) and herbicides on weed infestation and yield performance of boro rice (cv. Iratom-24) in direct seeding method. The concentration of GGR-6 was 0 (control) and 30 ppm of aqueous solution. The herbicides were Machete 5G and Ronstar 25 EC at the rate of 25kg ha-1 and 2 litre ha-1 respectively. The green growth regulator and herbicides had positive effect on weed infestation and yield performance. GGR-6 at 30 ppm and Machete 5G under direct seeding with plant spacing 25cm x 20cm was the best for total number weeds per m-2, number of effective tillers hill-1, number of filled grains panicle-1 and 1000-grain weight were non-significant. The highest grain growth rate was found from direct seeding with plant spacing 25cm x 20cm and GGR-6 at 30 ppm. Interaction effect on direct seeding method, herbicides and GGR-6 on grain growth was non-significant. GGR-6 at 30 ppm and Machete 5 G under direct seeding method with plant spacing 20cm x 20cm possessed better yield contributing characters resulted in the highest grain yield (5.87 t ha-1). GGR-6 at 30 ppm and Machete 5G under direct seeding with plant spacing 25cm x 20cm possessed the 2nd highest grain yield (5.41 t ha-1). The broadcasting of seeds produced the least yield (2.30 t ha-1) in all treatments. So it may be suggested that for enhancing yield of direct seeding method with plant spacing 20cm x 20cm, GGR-6 at 30 ppm and Machete 5G at the rate of 25kg ha-1 would be recommended in rice. 95. N. Ara, M. O. Kaisar, K. M. Khalequzzaman, Hosna Kohinoor and K. U. Ahamed. 2009. Effect of different dates of planting and lines on the growth, yield and yield contributing characteristics of cauliflower. Journal of Soil and Nature, 3(1): 16-19. Abstract: Planting dates significantly influenced the growth and yield of cauliflower lines at one month interval during 1st May to 1st August at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna during 2007‐2008 in summer season to delineate yield potentialities of cauliflowers. Plant height, number of leaves per plant, weight of whole plant, weight of marketable curd per plant and yield t/ha were better in CL0134 lines. Plant height, number of leaves per plant, weight of whole plant. Weight of marketable curd per plant and yield t/ha were also significantly differed among the planting dates. Weight of marketable curd per plant (419.61g) was obtained from 1st August planting in summer season. Highest curd yield (421.58g) was produced by 1st August planting when coupled with CL0134 lines. Significantly highest yield (17.56 t/ha) was obtained from the line CL0134 when combination with 1st August planting. 96. A. Haydar, M. Shalim Uddin, E.H Khokan, T. Ara, K. M. Khalequzzaman and A. Hoque. 2009. D2-analysis and selection criteria in potato. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 4 (1): 91-93. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Botanical Research Garden of Rajshahi University, Rajshahi during rabi season of November 2006 to March 2007 to ascertain the nature and magnitude of genetic diversity present in the material which would ultimately help to identify parents for future breeding program. Genetic divergence among 30 potato genotypes based on tuber yield and its component characters were estimated using D2 statistic. Divergence analysis grouped these genotypes in to five clusters. The inter-cluster distance was higher than intra-cluster distances suggesting wider genetic diversity among the genotypes of different groups. The highest intra-cluster value was maximum in cluster II (1.73) and minimum in cluster IV (0.43). The highest inter-cluster distance was in between cluster II and IV (√D2=8.123) indicated maximum exploitation of heterosis on hybridization. Cluster II showed the highest mean values for most of the characters and clusters III and V showed the maximum mean values for plant height, number of leaves/plant and tuber yield, while cluster IV revealed the lowest mean value for all the characters. Three characters e.g. plant height, number of leaves/plant and fresh weight/plant showed maximum contribution towards total divergence among different characters. Genotypes were much in use having the above mentioned characters in cluster II and III would offer a good scope for the improvement of this crop through hybridization and rational selection. 97. K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2009. Effect of sowing times on the incidence of foot and root rot and yield of two bush bean varieties. Journal of the Patuakhali Science of Technology University, 1 (1): 87-92. Abstract: Effect of sowing times (30 October; 10, 20 and 30 November and 10 December) on foot and root rot and yield of Bush bean varieties viz. BARI Bush bean 1 and BARI Bush bean 2 was studied. Germination, germination failure, foot and root rot and plant stand were not significantly different between the varieties. October 30 sowing of BARI bush bean 2 showed highest foot and root rot incidence (18.27%) and the lowest (9.32%) was observed in BARI bush bean 1 when seeds were sown on December 10. BARI bush bean 1 when sown on November 10 gave the highest yield (17.74 t/ha) but the lowest yield (9.8 t/ha) was obtained from December 10 sowing of BARI bush bean 2. November 10-20 was found best sowing time for cultivation of BARI bush bean 1 and 2. 98. A. Haydar, M.A. Islam, T. Ara, E.H. Khokan and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2009. Studies on genetic variability, correlation and path analysis in potato. International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Technology, 5(5): 40-44. Abstract: The genetic parameters, characters association and path coefficient analysis between yield and yield components of 30 potato genotypes were studied at A.H.Z. Biotech Ltd., Namo Bhadra, Rajshahi, Bangladesh during the rabi seasons of three consecutive years of 2003-2006. All the characters showed significant differences among the genotypes indicating their wide genetic variation. High estimates of coefficients of variability, heritability and genetic gain for number of leaves/plant, fresh weight/plant and tuber yield/plant indicated that these characters were largely controlled by additive gene action and that straight selection for them would be effective. Tuber yield/plant had a significant positive correlation with plant height, number of leaves/plant and fresh weight/plant. But path coefficient analysis describes that fresh weight/plant, number of leaves/plant, plant height and number of tubers/plant have high and direct contribution towards tuber yield/plant and could be considered as selection criteria in potato breeding program. The results indicate that number of leaves/plant, fresh weight/plant and average tuber weight/plant had high genotypic coefficient of variability, high genetic advance as percentage of mean as well as high positive direct effects on tuber yield/plant. 99. K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. A. Rahim, M. R. A. Mollah and M. O. Kaisar. 2009. High density planting effect on banana (Musa sapientum) yield. Journal of Agricultural Research, 47 (4): 359-364. Abstract: A study was conducted at Utholi, Shibganj, Bogra, Bangladesh during October, 2004 to November, 2005 to find out high density plantation effect on banana yield versus recommended spacing. Two plant spacings viz. 1.5 m x 1.5 m (SP1) and 2m x 2m (SP2) were tried. Banana fruit characters were higher in SP2. But higher number of bunches per hectare (3966) was observed in SP1. against SP2 (2269). SP1 gave higher yield due to higher number of plant population than SP2. Similarly higher gross margin (Tk. 2,54,622.00) and benefit cost ratio (BCR) (3.95) were observed in SP1 and the lowest gross margin (Tk. 1,58,099.00) and BCR (3.79) in SP2. Farmers of Shibganj should cultivate banana by using spacing 1.5 m x 1.5 m instead of spacing 2m x 2m due to higher yield as well as gross margin. 100. T. Ara, A. Haydar, Hyat Mahmud, K. M. Khalequzzaman and M. M. Hossain. 2009. Analysis of the different parameters for fruit yield and yield contributing characters in strawberry. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 4(5): 15-18. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Akafuzi Agrotechnologis, Namo Bhadra, Rajshahi, Bangladesh winter season of 2007 to estimate the genetic parameters and character association in seven exotic genotypes of strawberry. Highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variations were observed for number of stolons/plant followed by number of fruits/plant and number of nodes/stolon. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean was observed for fruit yield, plant height, number of flowers /plant and canopy size. Plant height, number of leaves /plant, number of stolons/plant, number of flowers/plant and number of fruits/plant showed highly significant positive association with fruit yield. Most of the characters exerted negative direct effect on fruit yield and highest direct effect was for number of nodes/stolon. Keywords: Correlation coefficient, Stolon, canopy size, path analysis, yield, strawberry 101. A. Haydar, M. K. Alam, E.H Khokan, T. Ara and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2009. Combining ability and genetic variability studies in potato. Journal of Soil and Nature, 3(2): 1-3. Abstract: Seventeen potato genotypes comprising seven parents and their ten crosses were evaluated during to November 2005 to March 2006 to study their combining ability and genetic variability. Mean squares due to GCA and SCA were highly significant for all the characters except number of branches/plant and dry matter content for which SCA mean square was non-significant. The mean squares due to GCA were found to be lower than SCA indicated pre-dominance of non-additive gene action for all the characters studied. The parents TPS-7, TPS- 364, Hera and Chamak were found best general combiners for tuber yield and other important characters. The crosses TPS-7 × TPS-13, TPS-364 × TPS-13, TPS-13 × MF-11, Hera × TPS-19 and Chamak × TPS-13 were observed to be the most promising hybrid combinations for yield and other yielding components. High estimates of co-efficient of variability, heritability and genetic gain for plant height, number of branches, tubers number and yield indicated that these traits are largely controlled by additive gene action and that strength selection for them would be effective. 102. M. M. Rahman, M. A. Ali, T. K. Dey and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2009. Screening of potato germplasms against Phytophthora infestans through artificial inoculation. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 25(1&2): 7-10. Abstract: The study was conducted at Tuber Crops Research Centre (TCRC), BARI, Gazipur during 2002–2003 to identify the germplasms against reaction late blight (Phytophthora infestans) of Potato in vitro. A total of 35 potato germplasms where including 19 tuber and 16 TPS germplasms were used. Among the tuber, only 98.294 was rated as moderately resistant. Four germplasms viz. Dheera, Provento, Raja and 93.314 showed moderately susceptible and the rests showed susceptible reaction to P. infestans. Among TPS germplasms, five germplasms viz. Atzimba x TS-15, MF-I x TS-15, MF-II x TS-15, LT-8 x TS-15 and TPS-2 x TS-15 were rated as resistant to late blight. 103. M. A. Rahman, M. F. Begum, M. F. Alam, Hayat Mahmud and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2010. Effect of Tricho-compost, compost and NPK fertilizers on growth, yield and yield components of chili. International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Technology, 6 (3): 64-72. Abstract: To investigate the effect of Tricho-compost, compost and NPK on growth, yield and yield components of chili the experiment was conducted with randomized design at Botanical garden, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh during August 2006 to February 2007. There were 15 treatments viz. T1¬ = Tricho-compost (3 kg/pot) + NPK, T2 = Tricho-compost (2 kg/pot) + NPK, T3 = Tricho-compost (1.5 kg/pot) + NPK, T4 = Tricho-compost (3 kg/pot), T5 = Tricho-compost (2 kg/pot), T6 = Tricho-compost (1.5 kg/pot), T7 = compost (3 kg/pot) + NPK, T8 = compost (2 kg/pot) + NPK, T9 = compost (1.5 kg/pot) + NPK, T10 = compost (3 kg/pot), T11 = compost (2 kg/pot), T12 = compost (1.5 kg/pot), T13= NPK, T14= spore suspension of Trichoderma harzianum, T15= control (only soil). Tricho-compost, compost and NPK significantly (P=0.05) influenced the growth and yield of chili. The treatment Tricho-compost (3 kg/pot) + NPK (T1) produced the highest germination(%), vigour index, growth and yield of chili. and the lowest yield and yield contributing parameters were recorded in control (T15).. The correlation matrix showed that yield of chili had significant and positive correlation with plant height (r = 0.952**, 0.903**, and 0.935**) and number of leaf per plant (r = 0.952**, 0.913** and 0.868**) at first harvest time after 30, 60 and 90 days, respectively; number of primary branch (r = 0.955** and 0.904 **) after 60 and 90 days, respectively; total number of flower (r = 9.00**) at maximum flower initiation at first harvest time; total number of fruit ( r = 0.864** and 0.886**), fruit size (r = 0.896** and 0.906), fresh fruit weight (r = 0.868 and 0.858**), dry fruit weight ( r = 0.924** and 0.933**) and hundred seed weight (r= 0.891** and 0.897**) at first harvest time. The significant and negative correlation (r= -0.844** and -0.877**) was observed with the yield and number of days for first flower initiation at first harvest time, respectively. The results suggest that inorganic fertilizers (NPK ) with Tricho-compost (3 kg/pot) is suitable for better production of chili that may increase soil fertility and this integrated approach could be contributed to improve crop production. 104. M. M. Alam, M. Z. Hoque, K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. R. Humauan and R. Akter. 2010. Eco-friendly management agents of okra yellow vein clearing mosaic virus of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture, 35(1): 11-16. Abstract: A study was undertaken to evaluate efficacy of rouging, growing a trap crop and three vegetables oils for the management of okra yellow vein clearing mosaic virus (OYVCMV) of okra under field conditions. Oils were sprayed @ 0.5% mixed with a washing soap (Trix) @ 0.5%. Marigold was used as the trap crops and planted in between rows of okra. Admire (Imidacloprid) was applied @ 0.05% as check to compare the efficacy of other treatments. All the treatments reduced population of white fly and incidence of OYVCMV disease within the range of 25.03-70.00%, 24.76-60.85%, increased fruit number per plant and yield per hectare by 19.86-61.09% and 24.42-85.28%, respectively over control. Among the treatments the most effective one was Admire spray on okra followed by neem oil and mustard oil. Considering adverse effect of Admire on the environment, neem oil and mustard on may be accepted as alternative to the insecticides to manage OYVCMV of okra. 105. K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. R. Humauan, M. R. Khatun and M. J. Uddin. 2010. Effect of Rhizobium inoculation in controlling foot and root rots of lentil varieties. Journal of Lentil Research, 4: 58-63 Abstract: The experiment was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Ishurdi, Pabna during 2008-09 to find out the effect of Biofertilizers (Rhizobium) against foot and root rot of lentil varieties. Five lentil varieties viz. BARImasur 1, BARImasur 2, BARImasur 3, BARImasur 4 and BARImasur 5, were planted in main plots and two strains viz. BARI Biofertilizer Rlc 103 and BARI Biofertilizer Rlc 104, and one control (no inoculum) were the treatments in each subplot. BARImasur 5 inoculated with BARI Biofertilizer Rlc 104 showed minimum(11.2%) incidence of foot and root rot, leading to maximum plant survival (88.8%). The highest number of nodules/plant (18.1) was recorded in BARImasur 5 inoculated with BARI Biofertilizer Rlc 104. Consequently, inoculated BARImasur 5 gave the highest grain yield (1952.9 kg/ha). 106. M. S. Hossain, K. M. Khalequzzaman, Hayat Mahmud, S. M. K. Alam and M. W. Zaman. 2010. Comparative effect of municipal wastes and cow dung on yield and yield attributes of rice in field. International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Technology, 6 (9): 1-7. Abstract: The field experiments were conducted during 2002 and 2003 at Fuldighi mouza and Sultanganj union of Bogra sadar upazila under Bogra district of Bangladesh to ascertain the effects of composted municipal waste (MW) and cowdung (CD) on rice. Two levels of composted MW and CD (5 and 10 t ha-1) individually or in combination with two levels of chemical fertilizers (CF=NPKSZn) @ 50 and 75% of the recommended dose were applied. One control and one 100% CF were also included. RCBD experimental design was followed with four replications. CD @ 10 t ha-1 in combination with 75% CF performed the maximum grain, straw and TDM (total dry matter) yields and also influenced the yield contributing characters during two consecutive years. Municipal waste recorded as identical performer in respect of grain, straw and TDM yields in the experiments. The highest grain (5.47 t ha-1) and straw (6.45 t ha-1) yields in 2002 experiment were obtained from CD 10 t ha-1 + 75% CF and MW 10 t ha-1 + 50% CF, respectively. In 2003, the highest grain (6.81 t ha-1) and straw (8.24 t ha-1) yields were recorded by the treatment CD 10 t ha-1 + 75% CF whereas lowest recorded in MW 5 t ha-1 (2.61 t ha-1) and control (3.20 t ha-1), respectively. Rice yield and yield attributes significantly increased with the increasing amount of composted wastes in combination with 50 or 75% recommended rate of CF. The overall findings suggest that the composted municipal waste combined with 50 or 75% CF may be an efficient practice for ensuring higher rice yield instead of cowdung without deteriorating soil fertility. 107. K. M. Khalequzzaman and I. Hossain. 2010. Effect of seed treatment with biofertilizers on foot and root rot and seed yield of Bush bean. Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture and environment, 6 (1): 1-7. Abstract: The experiment was conducted during 2002–03 in the infested plot of sub-station, BINA, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh to find out the efficacy of Rhizobium strains in controlling the foot and root rot, and seed yield of Bushbean under field condition. The highest germination (91.64%) was recorded in BINAR P36, which was statistically similar to BAUR 107, BARIR 7029, BARIR 1000, BINAR P6 and BINA biofertilizer. The lowest germination (77.89%) was recorded in untreated control. The highest foot and root rot incidence (24.51%) was observed in untreated control and the lowest (10.00%) was in BINAR P36. Rhizobial strains decreased foot and root rot up to 59.20% over untreated control. The highest seed yield (3.14 t/ha) was found in BINA P36 which was followed by BAUR 975, BARIR 7029, BARIR 892, BARIR 1000, BINAR P6 and BINA biofertilizer. The lowest seed yield (1.94 t/ha) was found in untreated control. Rhizobium strains increased seed yield by 61.85% over untreated control. Cost and return analysis showed that the highest gross return (Tk. 125600.00 ha-1), gross margin (Tk. 100926.00 ha-1) and BCR (5.09) were obtained from BINAR P36. Rhizobium strain BINAR P36 may be used as seed treatment for controlling foot and root rot and increasing seed yield of Bushbean. 108. M. S. Hossain, K. M. Khalequzzaman, S. M. K. Alam, Hayat Mahmud and M. W. Zaman. 2010. Comparative effects of composted press mud and cow dung on boro rice. International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Technology, 6 (10): 1-7. Abstract: Field experiments were conducted in consecutive 2002 and 2003 at a farmer’s field in Bogra District of Bangldesh to ascertain the effects of composted press mud (PM) and cowdung (CD) on rice. Two levels PM and CD (5 and 10 t ha-1) individually or in combination with two levels of chemical fertilizers (CF=NPKSZn) @ 50 and 75% of the recommended dose were applied. One control and one 100% CF were also included. RCBD experimental design was followed with four replications. PM @ 10 t ha-1 in combination with 75% CF performed either the highest or identical to the maximum grain, straw and TDM (total dry matter) yields and also influenced the yield contributing characters during two consecutive years. The highest grain (5.62 t ha-1) and straw (6.96 t ha-1) yields in 2002 were obtained from PM 10 t ha-1 + 75% CF against control (2.2 and 2.64 t ha-1). In 2003, the highest grain (6.81 t ha-1) and straw (8.24 t ha-1) yields were recorded by the treatment CD 10 t ha-1 + 75% CF whereas lowest recorded in control (2.61 t ha-1, 3.20 t ha-1, respectively). Rice yield and yield attributes significantly increased with the increasing amount of composted PM in combination with 50 or 25% reduced recommended rate of CF. The overall findings suggest that the composted PM combined with 50 or 75% CF can be an efficient practice for ensuring higher rice yield without deteriorating soil fertility. 109. M. J. Uddin, K. M. Khalequzzaman and Md. Shahin-Uz-Zaman. 2010. Efficacy of fungicides in controlling stemphylium blight of lentil in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Lentil Research, 4: 70-75. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Pulses Research Centre, Ishurdi, Pabna during October, 2009 to April, 2010 to identify effective fungicides to control radial mycelial growth of Stemphylium sarciniformis of lentil. Seven fungicides with a control were used as treatments. The fungicides were Rovral 50 WP, Indofil M-45, Tilt 250 EC, Bavistin 50 WP, Score, Companion and Ridomil (0.2%). All fungicides showed better performance compared to control in laboratory. The lowest (0.00) radial mycelial growth of Stemphylium sarciniformis was recorded in Tilt 250 EC (0.05%), Bavistin DF (0.1%) and Companion (0.2%) at 3, 6, 9 and 12 days after inoculation. Score 250 EC (0.1%) also showed better performance. In the field experiment, all the fungicides were affective in the management of stemphylium blight disease of lentil. Companion induced resistant reaction with the highest yield of 1377 kg/ha followed by Bavistin with 1208 kg/ha. Ridomil gold was the least effective in controlling stemphylium blight of lentil whereas Tilt 250 EC showed the intermediate reaction in checking this disease. Performance of recommended fungicide (Rovral 50 WP) was not good compared to other fungicides both in the laboratory and field conditions. 110. M. S. Hossain, K. M. Khalequzzaman, Nadira Parvin, M. W. Zaman and M. A. Sattar. 2011. Effect of composted municipal wastes, cow dung and chemical fertilizers on boro rice in pot. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Agricultural Technology, 1(2): 49-56. Abstract: Pot experiments was conducted during the year 2003 at the net-house of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, BAU, Mymensingh to ascertain the effects of composted municipal waste (MW) and cowdung (CD) on rice. Two levels each of above-mentioned organic manure (5 and 10 t ha-1) individually or in combination with two levels of chemical fertilizers (CF=NPKSZn) @ 50 and 75% of the recommended dose were applied. One control and one 100% CF were also included. CRD experimental design were followed with four replications. MW @ 10 t ha-1 in combination with 75% CF performed identical to the maximum grain, straw and TDM (total dry matter) yields and the maximum grain yield (41.27 g) was observed in 100% CF, the highest straw (49.41 g) and TDM (88.78 g) were produced by CD 5 t ha-1 + 75% CF. Rice yield and yield attributes significantly increased with the increasing amount of composted municipal wastes in combination with 50 or 75% recommended rate of CF. The overall findings suggest that the composted municipal wastes combined with 50 or 75% CF can be an efficient practice for ensuring higher rice yield without deteriorating soil fertility. 111. M. M. R. Shah, K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. M. Rashid, M. A. Hasan and M. S. Islam. 2011. Effect of biotic and abiotic factors on the seed quality of wheat. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Agricultural Technology, 1(2): 41-48. Abstract: The present investigation was carried out at the Agronomy Laboratory of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh during April to July, 2010 to asses the effect of different storage containers, abiotic and biotic factors on seed quality, Gunny bag resulted the highest moisture content i.e. 13.00, 13.05, 14.45 and 14.32%, where metallic container resulted the lowest moisture content i.e.11.73, 11.90, 12.52 and 12.08% at 15, 30, 45 and 60 DAS, respectively. Thousand seed weight in gunny bag stored seed was highest (49.37, 49.21 and 49.90g), while metallic container showed the lowest (47.13, 47.11 and 47.33g) at 30, 45 and 60 DAS, respectively. Germination percentage was increased up to 30 DAS and then decreased upto 60 DAS. Gunny bag produced highest percentage of abnormal seedlings than other containers. During investigation Bipolaris sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp. etc. were found on seed/seedlings. At 45 and 60 DAS fungal infection of gunny bag stored seed was also highest (10.50 and 8.50%) but dissimilar with metallic container (3.00 and 3.00%). Gunny bag resulted the highest ungerminate seeds (10.50 and 11.00%) and metallic container resulted the lowest ungerminate seeds (3.75 and 5.00%) at 30 and 45 DAS. At 60 DAS the highest ungerminate seed (11.00%) was found from gunny bag stored container which was statistically similar to metallic container but dissimilar with plastic bag. 112. M. M. Rashid, I. Hossain and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2011. Effect of weather factors on inoculum density and leaf spot development of Alternaria brassicae in radish seed crop. Bulletin of the Institutive of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University, 34: 43-47. Abstract: A radish variety named Tasaki Mula was used to investigate the effect of climatic factors on the development of Alternaria disease under field conditions. The average data of two crop seasons (2004/05–2005/06) revealed that 20-day old plants transplanted on 20 December showed less number of spot and conidia, and their numbers increased with the age of the plants. The conidia and Spot Ratio was 290:1–593.10:1 from disease initiation to final assessment in 50-day old plants. Correlation analysis of the association of the number of conidia landing and number of spot per leaf with weather factors at different growth stages revealed that maximum (23.48˚C), minimum (11.14˚C) temperatures and sunshine hours (5.00 h) had significant positive correlation, while relative humidity (78.28%) and fog hours (4.39 h) had significant negative correlation with conidia landing and number of spots per leaf in 50-day old transplanted plants. Total rainfall and number of rainy days had no significant association with conidia landing and number of spot per leaf. Prediction equations were developed for 4 different observations. The R2 values for the association of weather factors with number of conidia landing and number of spots per leaf showed variation of 54–93% and 44–81%, respectively, in radish seeds crop infected with Alternaria brassicae. This indicated that some unknown factors might be involved in the conidia production and number of spot formation, and some climatic factors played a significant role in disease development. 113. M. S. Hossain, K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. Jannati Khatun, M. W. Zaman and M. A. Sattar. 2011. Effect of sewage sludge, cow dung and chemical fertilizers on yield attributes on boro rice. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Agricultural Technology, 1(2): 77-88. Abstract: Field experiments were conducted in consecutive two years (2002 and 2003) at a farmer’s field in Bogra District to ascertain the effects of composted sewage sludge (SS) and cowdung (CD) on rice. Two levels each of above-mentioned manure (5 and 10 t ha-1) individually or in combination with two levels of chemical fertilizers (CF=NPKSZn) @ 50 and 75% of the recommended dose were applied. One control and one 100% CF were also included. RCBD experimental design was followed with four replications. Sewage sludge @ 10 t ha-1 in combine action with 75% CF performed either the highest or identical to the maximum grain, straw and TDM (total dry matter) yields and also influenced the yield contributing characters during two consecutive years. The highest grain (5.47 t ha-1) was obtained from CD 10 t ha-1 + 75% CF and straw (6.60 t ha-1) from SS 10 t ha-1 + 75% CF during 2002 and lowest in control (2.20 and 2.63 t ha-1). In 2003, the highest grain (6.81 t ha-1) and straw (8.24 t ha-1) yields were recorded by the treatment CD 10 t ha-1 + 75% CF which was statistically identical with SS 5 or 10 t ha-1 with 75% CF whereas lowest recorded in control (2.64 t ha-1 and 3.20 t ha-1), respectively. Rice yield and yield attributes significantly increased with the increasing rate of composted SS or CD in combination with 50 or 75% recommended rate of CF. SS imparted superior role on yield and yield attributes. The overall findings suggest that the sewage sludge combined with 50 or 75% CF can be an efficient practice for ensuring higher rice yield without deteriorating soil fertility. 114. M. S. Hossain, K. M. Khalequzzaman, N. Parvin, H. Kohinoor and M. W. Zaman. 2011. Effect of composted sewage sludge and cow dung on boro rice in pot. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Agricultural Technology, 1(3): 73-80. Abstract: Pot experiments was conducted during 2003 at the net-house of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, BAU, Mymensingh to ascertain the effects of composted sewage sludge (SS) and cowdung (CD) on rice. Two levels sewage sludge and cowdung (5 and 10 t ha-1) individually or in combination with two levels of chemical fertilizers (CF=NPKSZn) @ 50 and 75% of the recommended dose were applied. One control and one 100% CF were also included. CRD experimental design in pot experiments were followed with four replications. Sewage sludge @ 10 t ha-1 in combined with 75% CF performed the highest grain (57.18 g), the highest effective tillers hill-1 (38.33) and TDM (total dry matter, 124.4 g) production and SS 5 t ha-1 with 75% CF produced the maximum straw (69.0 g) and also influenced the tallest plant (113.3 cm) during the year 2003. Rice yield and yield attributes significantly increased with the increasing amount of composted SS in combination with 50 or 75% recommended rate of CF. Among the different combined treatments, SS combinations imparted better role on yield and yield attributes than CD combinations. The overall findings suggest that the composted SS combined with 50 or 75% CF can be an efficient practice for ensuring higher rice yield without deteriorating soil fertility. 115. M. S. Hossain, K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. J. Khatun, M. W. Zaman and M. S. Islam. 2011. Effect of press mud, cow dung and chemical fertiliazers on boro rice in pot. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Agricultural Technology, 1(3): 81-88. Abstract: Pot experiment was conducted during 2003 at the net-house of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, BAU, Mymensingh to ascertain the effects of composted press mud (PM)) and cowdung (CD) on rice. Two levels PM and CD (5 and 10 t ha-1) individually or in combination with two levels of chemical fertilizers (CF=NPKSZn) @ 50 and 75% of the recommended dose were applied. One control and one 100% CF were also included. CRD experimental design was followed with four replications. Press mud @ 10 t ha-1 in combination with 75% CF performed the highest grain, straw and TDM (total dry matter) yields and also influenced the yield contributing characters in pot experiments. PM @ 5 and 10 t ha-1 plus 75% CF produced the tallest plants (110.3 cm), the highest effective tillers hill-1 (32.33), the highest grain (50.39 g pot-1) and straw (67.75 g pot-1) yields. Rice yield and yield attributes significantly increased with the increasing amount of composted PM in combination with 50 or 25% reduced recommended rate of CF. Among the different treatments PM 10 t ha-1 + 75% CF imparted superior role on yield and yield attributes. The overall findings suggest that the composted press mud combined with 50 or 75% CF can be an efficient practice for ensuring higher rice yield without deteriorating soil fertility. 116. K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. M. Rashid, M. A. Hasan and M. M. A. Reza. 2012. Effect of storage containers and storage periods on the seed quality of French bean (Phaseolus vulguris). Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 37(2): 195-205.. Abstract: The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, HSTU, Dinajpur during April – July 2010 to know the effect of abiotic and biotic factors, storage periods and storage containers on the seed quality of French bean. Tin container showed the highest germination, normal seedlings and vigour index which were followed by polythene bag, where Gunny bag showed the lowest germination, normal seedlings and vigour index upto 60 days after storage. The highest 1000 seed weight, moisture content, abnormal seedlings, seed rot and incidence of the Fusarium oxysporum were recorded in Gunny bag, where the lowest of these parameters were recorded in Tin container. Seed colour of Tin container were more or less same as initial colour, but seeds of Gunny bag were changed into fade or brown colour at 60 days after storage. Moisture content, 1000 seed weight, abnormal seedlings, seed rot, fungi association were increased, but germination and normal seedlings were decreased with the increase of storage periods. Among the three containers, Tin container was the best and the Gunny bag was the worst storage containers upto 60 days of storage for French bean seed. 117. M. O. Kaisar, K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. R. Islam, N. Ara and M. F. Hossain. 2012. Effect of storage containers and storage periods on the seed quality of sweet gourd. Journal of the Bangladesh Society for Agricultural Science and Technology, 9(1 & 2): 155-160. Abstract: An experiment was conducted at the Seed Pathology Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from January 13 to March 16, 2010 to evaluate the effect of storage containers and storage periods on quality of stored sweet gourd seed. Sweet gourd seeds were stored in tin container, polythene bag and gunny bag for 30 and 60 days. Tin container showed the highest germination, normal seedlings and vigour index which were followed by polythene bag, where gunny bag showed the lowest in the parameters up to 60 days after storage. The highest 100 seed weight, moisture content, dead seed, abnormal seedlings and incidence of different fungi were recorded in gunny bag, where these were the lowest in tin container. Seed colour of tin container was more or less same as initial colour, but seeds of gunny bag were changed into fade or brown colour with a musty odour at 60 days after storage. No insect was found to any storage container for whole storage periods. Moisture content, 100 seed weight, dead seed, abnormal seedlings and fungi association were increased, but germination, normal seedlings and seed vigour index were decreased with the increase of storage periods. Among the three containers, tin container was the best and the gunny bag was the worst storage containers up to 60 days of storage for sweet gourd seed. 118. M. R. Humauan, K. M. Khalequzzaman, B. Akhter, M. J. Alam and M. R. Islam. 2012. Role of biocontrol agent for the management of foot and root rot disease of cauliflower. Bulletin of the Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University, 35:41-45. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna in Bangladesh during 2009-10 to find out the effect of bio control agent against foot and root rot of cauliflower. Five different forms of two biocontrol agents were tested for their performance against the causal pathogen. All the bio control agents showed significantly better performance over control. The lowest foot and root rot incidence (6.25%) was recorded in soil amendment with Trichoderma harzianum compost (1.0 t/ha) treated plots and the highest (18.75%) was recorded in control. The yield ranged from 17.91 to 23.05 t/ha, the highest and lowest yields were recorded in soil amendment with Trichoderma harzianum compost (1.0 t/ha) and untreated control, respectively. 119. K. M. Khalequzzamain and I. Hossain. 2012. Study on growth habit, conidial and sclerotial characters of foot and root rot causal pathogens of pulses in Bangladesh. Bulletin of the Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University, 35:77-83. Abstract: The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh during the period of 200-2003 to investigate the growth habit, conidial and sclerotial characters of foot and root rot pathogenic fungi of pulses. Among all the isolates of Fusarium species, the radial mycelial growth ranged from 34.7-72.5 mm and 66.3-90.0 mm at 7 and 15 days after inoculation (DAI), respectively. Colony colours of Fusarium isolates were pinkish white, creamy white and cottony white. The colony shape of Fusarium species were regular and its compactness were fluffy, medium fluffy and compact. Length and breadth of macro-conidia of Fusarium species varied from 10.56 to 36.75 µm and from 3.76 to 6.17 µm at 7 DAI, respectively. In case of 15 days after inoculation, length and breadth of macro-conidia varied from 12.88 to 36.61 µm and from 3.62 to 6.69 µm, respectively. Total number of conidia of Fusarium isolates ranged from 60874.26 to 494480.55 and from 57532.47 to 439279.24 per cm2 at 7 and 15 DAI, respectively. The radial mycelial growth of Sclerotium rolfsii ranged from 75.9 to 88.8 mm at 7 DAI and colony colour was off white to creamy white. The colony shape was regular and compactness was fluffy to medium fluffy. Colour of sclerotia was brownish and brown, and shape was round. The radial mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates ranged from 37.3 to 50.7 mm and from 58.8 to 62.2 mm at 7 and 15 DAI, respectively. Colony colour of all isolates was whitish. The colony shape and compactness were regular and compact, respectively. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum initiated sclerotia at 6 DAI. Colour of sclerotia was whitish to dark brown and its shape was rough round. The radial mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani ranged from 75.0 to 85.0 mm at 7 DAI and colony colour was light creamy and creamy. The colony shape was regular and its compactness was fluffy to medium. Rhizoctonia solani initiated after 6 days of inoculation. Colour of sclerotia was brown and deep brown, and shape of sclerotia was irregular. 120. S. S. Siddique, F. Khatun, K. M. Khalequzzaman, R. Momotaz and M. R. Uddin. 2013. Integrated disease management of wilt in chickpea by organic amendment. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 8(1): 5-10 Abstract: The experiment was conducted against wilt of chickpea at RARS, Jessore during Rabi season of 2009-10 and 2010-11 to reduce the use of chemical fungicide to against wilt disease and increase yield of chickpea. Pre-sowing soil treatment with Poultry litter (5 t/ha) with proper seed treatment by Provax (2 gm/kg seed) reduced wilt incidence with 34.36% in 2009-10 and 56.81% in 2010-11. Neem oil cake (100 kg/ha) in combination with Provax also decreased wilt incidence over control. Germination was highest in Provax treated plot in both the year (97.18% in 2009-10 & 96.11% in 2010-11), where Poultry litter + Provax integrated treatment also performed good in case of germination (94.62% in 2009-10 and 95.20% in 2010-11). Yield increased over control was also highest in Poultry litter + Provax combined plot (65.09% in 2009-10 and 77.15% in 2010-11). Among the two biocontrol agents, the performance of Trichoderma harzianum was better than Trichoderma viridi. 121. M. O. Kaisar, N. Ara, M. A. Sadat and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2013. Growth and yield of papaya subjected to nutrient deprivation. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 8(1): 25-27. Abstract: In order to evaluate nutritional requirements and the effect of nutrient deprivation on the growth and yield of papaya, an experiment was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna during the growing season of 2008. The experiment included one complete treatment (provided N, P, K, S, Mg, B, Mo and Zn), besides deprivation of each nutrient (-N, -P, -K, -S, -Mg, -B, -Mo and -Zn), and one absolute control treatment (natural soil). Papaya has high nutritional requirements, and nutrients N, P, K, S, B and Mo, in that order, growth B, N, P, Mo, S and K are essential to obtain higher yield in papaya. 122. M. H. Rashid, K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. A. Kashem, M. J. Alam, M. S. Islam, M. Y. Rafii and M. A. Latif. 2013. Yield loss assessment of chickpea caused by botrytis gray mold through fungicide (Bavistin) spray. Life Science Journal,10(4): 3001-3004. Abstract: An experiment was conducted to assess the yield loss of chickpea caused by Botrytis gray mold (BGM) through fungicide spray at Pulses Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh. Sixteen entries were evaluated following RCB design with three replications. Out of 16 tested germplasms, eight germplasms (92040*52, FLIP97-530 CLIMS, 94-012*98V4006, FLIP98-106C, Gully, FLIP94-509C, 97020-1489 and S95425) showed resistant reaction, while eight and one entries showed susceptible and highly susceptible, respectably, in fungicide sprayed plot. The highest yield increase over BGM inoculated plot were observed in BARWON*98CIH4007 (180.49%) and 97020-1489 (157.96%). The lowest yield increase over BGM inoculated plot were recorded in HEERA*98CZH4010 (6.39%) and 94-012*98V4006 (8.93%) genotypes. 123. M. M. Hossain, K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. A. Wadud, M. B. Sarker and R N. Ahmed. 2014. Evaluation of garlic genotypes against thrips. International Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 4(4):1-4. Abstract: The field experiment was conducted at SRC, Bogra during Rabi season of 2013-14 to test the performance of garlic genotypes against thrips. Fifteen different garlic genotypes (GC001, GC005, GC0012, GC0013, GC0017, GC0018, GC0024, GC0027, GC0028, GC0029, GC0030, GC0031, GC0034, GC0035 and GC0036) along with BARI Garlic 1 and 2 were evaluated against thrips. Out of fifteen genotypes, GCO34 recording less than 8.29 thrips per plant and higher bulb yield (9.78 t/ha) was characterized as highly resistant. Genotypes GC0013, GC0028 and GC0030 recorded higher thrips population of more than 13.41 thrips per plant and lower bulb yield (4.07, 4.52 and 2.68 t/ha, respectively) were grouped into highly susceptible. 124. M. M. Hossain, K. M. Khalequzzaman, A. H. F. Fahim, R. N. Ahmed and M. S. Islam. 2014. Integrated management of thrips to enhance seed yield of onion. International Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 4(3): 30-33. Abstract: The field experiment was conducted at SRC, Bogra during Rrabi season of 2013-14 to evaluate the efficacy of bio-rational and synthetic insecticides against thrips infestation to enhance seed yield of onion. The treatments were T1= White sticky trap @ 40 trap/ha; T2= Biopesticide-Bioneem (Azadiractin 3EC) @ 2ml/litre of water; T3= Biopesticide-Bioneem (Azadiractin 3EC) @ 2ml/litre of water + White sticky trap @ 40 trap/ha; T4= Thiamethoxam (Actara 25WG) @ 0.2g/litre of water + White sticky trap@ 40 trap/ha; T5= Alternate spraying of Biopesticide- Spinosad (Tracer 45SC) @ 0.4ml/litre of water and Bioneem (Azadiractin 3EC) @ 2ml/litre of water and T6= Untreated control. Alternate spraying of Biopesticide- Spinosad (Tracer 45SC) @ 0.4ml/litre of water and Bioneem (Azadiractin 3EC) @ 2ml/litre of water offered the lowest thrips population (1.92 thrips/ plant and 2.65 thrips /umbel). The highest percentage of thrips population (86.37% in plant and 73.76% in umbel) reduction over control was also obtained from alternate spraying of Biopesticide- Spinosad and Bioneem (Azadiractin 3EC) treated plot followed by Bioneem (Azadiractin 3EC) + White sticky trap treated plot (73.88% and 57.82%). The highest onion seed yield (383.3 kg/ha) and marginal benefit cost ratio (9.55) was also obtained from alternate spraying of Biopesticide- Spinosad and Bioneem (Azadiractin 3EC) treated plot. So, alternate spraying of Biopesticide-Spinosad and Bioneem (Azadiractin 3EC) may be recommended for effective management of thrips in seed onion production. 125. M. M. Hossain, K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. S. Alam, M. M. Hossain and M. T. R. Mondal. 2014. Development of bio-rational based IPM packages against thrips in garlic. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 9(3):10-14. Abstract: The field experiment was conducted at SRC, Bogra during Rabi season of 2013-14 to evaluate the effectiveness of several bio-rational based IPM packages against thrips in garlic. The treatments were five bio-rational based IPM packages and one untreated control. Spraying of Spinosad (Tracer 45SC) @ 0.4ml/litre of water + White sticky trap @ 40traps/ha resulted the lowest thrips population (3.20, 3.11, 3.74 thrips/plant after 1st, 2nd and 3rd treatment application respectively) with highest marginal benefit cost ratio (19.94). The highest percentage of thrips population (82.60) reduction (after 3rd treatment application) over control and the highest garlic bulb yield (8.77 t/ha) was also obtained from Spinosad (Tracer 45SC) + White sticky trap treated plot. So, installation of sticky white trap along with spraying of Spinosad (Tracer 45SC) may be recommended for effective management of thrips in garlic. 126. K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. N. A. Siddquie, M. J. Khatun, M.vA. Hussain, R. N. Ahmed. 2014. Studies on Maize–Okra–T. aman cropping pattern at Sherpur, Bogra, Bangladesh. International Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 4(2):12-16. Abstract: The experiment was conducted to test the adaptability of three alternate cropping patterns viz. i) Maize-Okra-T. Aman, ii) Maize-Sesame-T. Aman and iii) Maize-Khira-T. Aman instead of existing cropping pattern (Maize-Fallow-T. Aman) at Sherpur, Bogra, Bangladesh under the supervision of OFRD, Bogra during 2003-04 and funded by NCDP. Maize-Okra-T. Aman cropping pattern showed better performance and Maize-Sesame-T. Aman cropping pattern showed moderate performance in case of all agronomical and economical parameters. Though Maize-Okra-T. Aman cropping pattern showed better performance but farmers did not show interest to grow Okra for some unreasonable problems. So, Maize-Sesame-T. Aman cropping pattern may be recommended for Sherpur, Bogra, Bangladesh along with Maize-Okra-T. Aman cropping pattern instead of Maize-Fallow-T. Aman cropping pattern (local practice). 127. M. M. Hossain, K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. J. Khatun, M. M. Hossain and M. S. Alam. 2014. Effect of different transplanting dates for the management of thrips in onion. International Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 4(4):9-13. Abstract: The field experiment was conducted at SRC, Bogra during Rabi season of 2013-14 to assess the effect of varying transplanting dates on thrips populations and onion bulb yield. The treatments were T1= 20 November (1st transplanting); T2= 05 December (2nd transplanting); T3= 20 December (3rd transplanting); T4= 05 January (4th transplanting) and T5= 20 January (5th transplanting). Transplanting was done at 15 days interval from November to January. Results showed that early transplanting in 20 November and 5 December had fewer thrips (7.81 thrips/plant and 10.76 thrips/plant) than the subsequent ones. November transplant was free of thrips up to 9 weeks after transplanting (WAT), December transplanting up to 8 WAT and January transplanting up to 4 WAT. Onion bulb yields were also found to differ in descending order as follows: 20 November (21.85 t/ha)> 05 December (18.98 t/ha)> 20 December (18.50 t/ha)> 05 January (7.26 t/ha)> 20 January (5.28 t/ha). 128. K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2015. Management of anthracnose of hyacinth bean for safe fresh food production. Asian Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 4: 102-109. Abstract: The experiment was conducted with two sets at ARS, BARI, Pabna during 2008-09 to find out the effective control measure for anthracnose disease of country bean for producing safe fresh food without harmful chemicals. For experiment set 1 (fungal inoculum was sprayed before treatments apply), control treatment showed the highest leaf area diseased (27.67%) and Tilt 250 EC, Bordeaux mixture, Baking powder and Trichoderma harzianum sprayed plot showed lower leaf area diseased. Percent infected fruits varied from 12.23 - 25.56%, while the highest was in control and the lowest was in Tilt 250 EC sprayed plot. Control plot showed the highest fruit area diseased (3.20%) and Tilt 250 EC sprayed plot showed the lowest (1.33%) which followed by Bordeaux mixture (1.67%), Baking powder (1.97%) and Trichoderma harzianum (2.00%) sprayed plot. Tilt 250 EC sprayed plot resulted the maximum yield (9.17 t/ha). Bordeaux mixture (7.37 t/ha), Baking powder (6.25 t/ha) and Trichoderma harzianum (6.08 t/ha) sprayed plot also gave higher yield, and the lowest yield (4.00 t/ha) resulted control plot. Both the experiments gave similar trends of results. 129. M. M. Hossain, K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. A. A. Mamun, M. J. Alam and R. N. Ahmed. 2015. Population dynamics and management of thrips in bulb onion using vegetable intercrops. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 10(3):8-15. Abstract: The field experiment was conducted at Spices Research Centre, Shibganj, Bogra during Rabi season of 2014-15 to study the population dynamics and to evaluate the effectiveness of intercropping Carrot, Tomato and French bean with onion for the management of thrips attacking onion. Variety BARI Piaz-1 was intercropped with each of the vegetables and insecticide Imidacloprid was used as a standard check. The treatments were five including control. Infestation of onion thrips was started from the first week of February and it become gradually increases upto first week of April then it was declined. Thrips populations were positively correlated with temperature and negatively with relative humidity and rainfall. Thrips incidence and damage severity were determined at 7 days interval with damage severity being estimated on a scale of 1-5. Total and marketable bulb yield were determined at physiological maturity. Intercropping onion with carrot, tomato and insecticide Imidacloprid significantly reduced thrips population over control up to 52.42, 48.84 and 58.97%, respectively, but French bean had no significant effect. The three vegetable intercrops significantly reduced damage severity, with insecticide Imidacloprid showed the greatest damage reduction up to 23.81% followed by carrot (21.04%) and tomato (11.90%). Intercropping onion with tomato and carrot showed significantly lower onion bulb yield (6.6 t/ha and 7.54 t/ha, respectively) but statistically comparable to that of French bean (8.62 t/ha). The effect of Imidacloprid on yield (11.24 t/ha) was statistically higher. The reduction in bulb yield was compensated by the yield from the vegetable intercrops and, therefore, no loss was incurred in carrot and tomato showing higher MBCR (12.55 and 17.90, respectively) compared to Imidacloprid (5.52). This study showed that Carrot or Tomato intercrop may be utilized as intercrop for the management of onion thrips. 130. K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2015. Screening of BARI Rhizobium Biofertilizers against Foot and Root Rot of Chickpea. ABC Journal of Advanced Research, 4(2): 97-104. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at the sick plot, Pulses Research Centre, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during two consecutive years of 2010-11 and 2011-12 to screen out the effective BARI Rhizobium Biofertilizers against foot and root rot of chickpea. Six BARI Rhizobium strains viz. BARI Rca 201, BARI Rca 220, BARI Rca 202, BARI chickpea Rajshahi, BARI Rca IC 59 and BARI Chickpea pulse 1 were used as treatments. In 2010-11, foot and root rot incidence ranged from 9.78-26.63%, while the lowest incidence was recorded in BARI Chickpea Rajshahi, but the highest incidence was recorded in untreated control. BARI Chickpea Rajshahi gave the highest plant survival (90.22%) and control treatment gave the lowest plant survival (72.55%). BARI Chickpea Rajshahi treated plots reduced maximum foot and root rot incidence (63.27%) over untreated control. Similar trends of the results were observed in 2011-12. The highest yield was obtained from BARI Chickpea Rajshahi with 2090 and 2040 kg/ha during 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively, and the lowest yield was obtained from untreated control for both the years. 131. K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2015. Seed treatment with Rhizobium biofertilizer for controlling foot and root rot of chickpea. International Journal of Scientific Research in Agricultural Sciences, 2(6): 144-150. Abstract: Chickpea is the third major pulse crops of Bangladesh in respect of acreage and production. Chickpeas are rich in protein, complex carbohydrates, and fibre, while low in fat and cholesterol. Average yield of chickpea is also low due to various diseases. Among the diseases, foot and root rot of chickpea is the most serious disease in Bangladesh. The pathogenic fungi are soil-borne in nature; hence, seed treatment with Biofertilizer is beneficial in controlling the disease. The experiment was conducted in the sick plot at Pulses Research Centre, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during 2008-09 to find out the effect of Rhizobium Biofertilizer against foot and root rot of Chickpea varieties. The chickpea varieties were BARIchola 1, BARIchola 2, BARIchola 3, BARIchola 4 and BARIchola 5. Seeds were thoroughly inoculated with Biofertilizer (BARI Biofertilizer Rca 202) @ 50 g/kg seed before sowing, where biofertilzer contained 108 Rhizobial cells/mg. The inoculant-coated seeds were sown at the afternoon and furrow was filled up just after seed sowing. The control treatment was BARIchola 1 without inoculated. BARIchola 5 showed minimum (9.83%) foot and root rot incidence while BARIchola 1 (untreated) showed the highest incidence (21.22%). The highest number of pods per plant (94.45), number of seeds per plant (143.95), weight of seeds per plant (22.25 g) and yield (1972 kg/ha) were recorded in BARIchola 5 and the lowest of these parameters were recorded in BARIchola 1 without inoculum (control). So, farmers may cultivate BARIchola 5 when seed inoculated with BARI Biofertilizer Rca 202 @ 50 g/kg seed for disease reduction and increasing yield. 132. M. M. Hossain, K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. A. A. Mamun, M. T. R. Mondal and R. N. Ahmed. 2015. Development of insecticide based management approach against thrips and iris yellow spot virus in onion. International Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 5(3):1-7. Abstract: The field experiment was conducted at Spices Research Centre (SRC), Bogra during the Rabi season of 2014-15 to evaluate the efficacy of different insecticides for the management of thrips and Iris yellow spot virus on bulb onion. Six treatments (Five insecticides + control) were replicated three times in randomized complete block design. All the insecticides performed better than untreated control treatment in reducing pest population. The insecticide Success offered best protection followed by Intrepid and Confidor. Thrips populations were positively correlated with Iris yellow spot virus in onion. The lowest number of Iris yellow spot (7.47/plant) at 85 days after transplanting (DAT) was recorded from Success 2.5SC followed by Intrepid 10SC (9.67/plant) with severity rating 2 and the highest number of Iris yellow spot (27.42/plant) at 85 DAT was recorded from untreated control treatment with severity rating 4. Maximum marginal benefit-cost ratio was recorded for Success 2.5SC (31.99:1) followed by Intrepid 10SC (28.76:1) and the least was recorded from the Actara 25WG (12.88:1) treated plots. Success 2.5SC and Intrepid 10SC may be recommended for the management of thrips and Iris yellow spot virus in onion. 133. Md. Mosharraf Hossain, Ismail Hossain and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2015. Effect of Seed Treatment with Biological Control Agent against Bipolaris Leaf Blight of Wheat. International Journal of Scientific Research in Agricultural Sciences, 2(7): 151-158. Abstract: In-vitro and in-vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of seed treatment with thirteen different plant extracts and BAU-Biofungicide (a Trichoderma based preparation) on fungal growth, disease severity, yield and yield contributing characters of wheat during the Rabi season of 2010-11 and 2011-12. All the plant extracts and BAU-Biofungicide significantly inhibited mycelial growth of the pathogen where maximum reduction of mycelial growth over untreated control was found by BAU-Biofungicide (67.36%) followed by Bavistin (58.42%). BAU-Biofungicide also resulted 28% and 13%, respectively higher Vigour index and normal seedlings over untreated control. Five botanicals (garlic, ginger, kaligera, neem, mehedi) and BAU- Biofungicide showed better results under laboratory condition. In pot and field experiments, selected treatments were showed better results in respect of yield and other traits. BAU-Biofungicide treated seeds showed statistically similar effect to Bavistin on AUDPC and grain yield under field condition which resulted 20.51% higher grain yield over control. 134. Md. K. Hasan and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2015. Relationship between production and price of garlic in Bangladesh: an analysis by using distributed lag model. Bulletin of the Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University, 38: 31-38. Abstract: The study was conducted to aim at the relationship between production and price of garlic in Bangladesh. The experiment was carried out by using garlic production and prices data from Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (during 1974-2011). The Koyck model of distributed lag models was used. According to the results, garlic production in Bangladesh has been influenced by the lag value of average price formed in the market. The most striking result of the study is the time required for the changes in the garlic prices in Bangladesh to an effect on garlic production of 32.33 years. This result also shows that the farmers are very enthusiastic for growing this crop, which is largely grown as a major spice crop. The value of coefficient indicated that the changes in lag values of the prices had a positive influence on production, but this influence was getting smaller. To reduce the risk and uncertainty of the price of garlic, sustainable garlic farming and establishment of an efficient marketing organization is necessary. 135. M.M. Rahman, M.A. Ali, T.K. Dey, M.R.H. Mondol and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2015. Reaction of some potato germplasm against stem canker and black scurf disease under natural infection in the field. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 10 (4): 17-22. Abstract: The experiment as conducted at Tuber Crops Research Sub-Centre, BARI, Bogra during 2007-2008 to evaluate the reaction of some potato germplasm against stem canker and black scurf of potato under natural infection in the field. Nineteen potato germplasm such as V-4, Quincy, Billini, Meridian, Raja, Innovator Lady Rosetta, Diamant, Lalpakri, Courage, Heera, Ajiba, Cardinal, V-36, BARI-TPS-1, Daifla, Asterix, Felsina and Granola were evaluated. Among the germplasm, only three (Raja, Heera and BARI-TPS-1) were found to be moderately resistant, eight germplasm were (V-4, Quincy, Billini, Lady Rosetta, V-36, Courage, Daifla, Lalpakri) were moderately susceptible and two were susceptible to Rhizoctonia solani. 136. M. Mamunur Rashid, M. Shamim Hasan, M. H. Rahman, Abu Noman Faruq Ahmed and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2015. Physiological and structural abnormalities of coconut plants (Cocos nucifer L) at different stages of growth and plantation sites under low temperature condition of Bangladesh. The Agriculturists, 13(2): 113.-119. Abstract: Physiological and structural changes of coconut plants at different growth stages and plantation sites under low temperature conditions was investigated during 1997-98, 2002-03, 2005-06 and 2009-10 in the northern region of Bangladesh. Three growth stages viz. <7, 7-15 and >15 years and three locations viz. road side, near pond and near drain were selected for this study. Leaf area damage with characteristics lesions categorized into mildly damaged, moderately damaged and dead plants. Age and planting site revealed very significant differences. The highest percent of dead (49.84-58.49%), moderately damaged (37.20-46.21%) and mildly damaged plants (65.70-74.79%) were found in road side, while the highest percent of dead plants (39.93-45.58%), doderately (20.18-26.68%) and mildly damaged plants (69.46-70.37%) were found in pond side and (11.74, 12.53 and 13.31%) in the 7-15 years old plants. The mean temperature, sunshine hours and total precipitations remained below 16.880C, 10.25 hours and 11.7 cm, respectively during 1997-98, 2002-03 and 2009-10. The highest amount of potassium (0.57 me/100 g soil) was found in pond side soil, whereas the lowest amount of potassium (0.11 me/100 g soil) was found in road side soil. It has been concluded that low temperature (below 16.880C), mean precipitation 11.7 cm and amount of potassium 0.11 me/100 g in soil were responsible for severe damage of the coconut plants in the study area. 137. K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2016. Effect of fungicides in controlling Alternaria blight of cumin. Asian Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 5 (1): 201-206. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Spices Research Centre, BARI, Shibganj, Bogra, Bangladesh during 2014 - 15 to find out the effective fungicides in controlling Alternaria blight of cumin. Four fungicides viz. Rovral 50 WP @ 0.2%, Companion @ 0.2%, Secure 600 W @0.15%, Sunvit 50 WP @0.5% and one control were used as treatment. Cumin line CN 026 was used in this experiment. Three fungicides reduced disease significantly over control. Alternaria blight ranged from 14.40 - 90.81%, while the lowest severity was recorded in Rovral 50 WP (0.2%) sprayed plots and the highest severity was recorded in control treatment. Rovral 50 WP (0.2%) gave the highest number of umbels/plant, number of umbel lets/plant, number of seeds/umbel, number of seeds/plant, weight of seeds/plant and seed yield (675.0 kg/ha) which was followed by Companion and Secure 600 W. Sunvit and control treatment did not produce any seeds. 138. K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2016. Control of foot and root rot of lentil by using different management tools. ABC Journal of Advanced Research, 5 (1): 35-42. The experiment was conducted at the sick plot, Pulses Research Centre, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during 2011-12 to find out the effect of chemical, botanicals, biocontrol agents and healthy looking seeds against foot and root rot of lentil. Chemical, botanicals, biocontrol agents and healthy looking seeds were used as treatments in this experiment. The lowest foot and root rot (21.67%) was obtained from when seed treatment with Provax 200 (2.5 g/kg seed) which was followed by seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum compost (1:5) and apparently healthy looking seeds, and the highest incidence (41.50%) was obtained from untreated control. The highest number of pod/plant (45.26), number of seeds/plant (87.80), weight of seeds/plant (2.44 g) and yield (1845 kg/ha) were recorded in seed treatment with Provax 200 (2.5 g/kg seed) which were followed by seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum compost (1:5) and apparently healthy looking seeds, and the lowest of these parameters were obtained from untreated control. 139. K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. K. Uddin, M. M. Hossain and Md. Kamrul Hasan. 2016. Effect of fungicides in controlling wilt disease of cumin. Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 3 (2): 69-74. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Spices Research Centre, BARI, Shibganj, Bogra, Bangladesh during 2014-15 to find out the effective fungicides in controlling wilt disease of cumin. The treatments were five fungicides viz. Sunvit 50 WP @0.5%, Secure @0.02%, Rovral 50 WP @0.2%, Bavistin DF @0.25%, Provax 200 WP (0.25%) and one control (untreated). Cumin line CN 026 was used in the experiment. Wilt incidence ranged from 13.45-37.69%, while the lowest incidence was recorded In Bavistin treated plots which was statistically similar to Provax and Sunvit, and the highest incidence was recorded in control. Bavistin (0.25%) gave the highest number of umbels/plant, number of umbel lets/plant, number of seeds/umbel, number of seeds/plant, weight of seeds/plant and seed yield (586.5 kg/ha) which was followed by Provax and Sunvit, and the lowest of these parameters were obtained from control treatment. 140. Md. Motaher Hossain, K. M. Khalequzzaman, Md. Tanjilur Rahman Mondal, J. Alam4, Md. Shariful Islam. 2016. Development of Management Approach against Thrips-Mite Complex of Chilli. International Journal of Scientific Research in Agricultural Sciences, 3(1): 018-024. Abstract: The field experiment was conducted at Spices Research Centre, Shibganj, Bogra, Bangladesh during Rabi season of 2014-15 to develop an integrated management approach against thrips-mite complex of chilli. The treatments were five including control. Spraying of Chlorphenapyr (Intrepid 10SC) @ 1ml/litre of water + White sticky trap @ 40 traps/ha resulted the lowest thrips (0.86 thrips/leaf) and mite (0.97 mite/leaf) population with highest marginal benefit cost ratio (33.02). The highest percentage of thrips (87.02%) and mite (87.32%) population reduction over control with maximum red ripe chilli yield (12.72 t/ha) was also obtained from Chlorphenapyr + White sticky trap. Thrips and mite populations are negatively correlated with Chlorophyll Concentration Index of leaf. However, the lowest percentage of upward (19.05%) and dounward leaf curl (21.08%) was also obtained from Chlorphenapyr + White sticky trap treated plot followed by White sticky trap + Abamectin + Success (22.75% and 25.15%, respectively) while the highest percentage of upward (71.25%) and dounward leaf curl (82.38%) was obtained from untreated control. So, installation of sticky white trap along with spraying of Chlorphenapyr may be recommended for effective management of thrips-mite complex in chilli. 141. M. M. Rahman, M. A. Ali, T. K. Dey, M.M. Islam, M. U. Ahmad and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2016. Effect of organic amendment on stem canker and black scurf disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Bioscience Journal, Uberlândia, 32 (2): 361-370. Abstract: An experiment was conducted at Tuber Crops Research Centre, BARI, Bogra during 2008-2009 to evaluate the organic amendment for controlling the stem canker and black scurf of potato. The different kinds of organic amendments were: T1 =Poultry refuse (PR) at 4 t ha-1, T2 =PR at 5 t ha-1, T3 =PR at 6 t ha-1, T4 =Mustard oil cake (MOC) at 300kg ha-1, T5 =MOC at 500kg ha-1, T6 =Neem oil cake (NOC) at 300kg ha-1, T7 =NOC at 500kg ha-1, T8 =Sawdust burning and T9 = Control. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The organic amendment significantly influenced the disease incidence, yield attributes and yield of potato. The lowest disease incidence (17.5%) and per cent disease index (9.99) were found in T3 (poultry waste at 6 t ha-1). The minimum russet, deformed and Sclerotia infected tubers were also recorded in poultry waste at 6 t ha-1. The highest healthy tubers and tuber yield were found in the same treatment. Therefore, poultry manure 6 t ha-1 along with recommended dose of chemical fertilizer can be recommended to produce healthy tubers and maximum tuber yield of potato. 142. K. M. Khalequzzaman, Samima Naznin and Abul Khair. 2016. Effect of biopesticids in controlling leaf curl virus of chilli. Asia Pacific Journal of Energy and Environment, 3(1): 29-34. Abstract: The experiment was conducted in the field laboratory of Spices Research Center, BARI, Shibganj, Bogra, Bangladesh during Rabi season of 2014-15 to find out the effect of biopesticides in controlling vector as well as leaf curl virus of chilli. The maximum infected plants (26.85%) were recorded in untreated control and the minimum infected plants (14.75%) were in Malathion (0.2%) which was statistically identical to all other biopesticides except cow urine (1:2). The highest disease reduction (45.13%) over untreated control was obtained from Malathion (0.2%) followed by cow urine (1:1) and neem leaf extract (1:2), and the lowest (26.37%) was obtained from cow milk (1:2). The highest yield (18.33 t/ha) was recorded in Malathion (0.2%) and the lowest (11.28 t/ha) was recorded in untreated control. All the biopesticides resulted least disease incidence and more yield compared to control. Among the biopesticides, cow urine (1:1), cow milk (1:1) and neem extract (1:2) showed comparatively better results against control. So, Melathion or biopesticides, cow urine (1:1), cow milk (1:1) and neem leaf extract (1:2) may be sprayed for controlling vector as well as leaf curl virus and increasing yield of chilli. 143. A. Muqit, K. M. Khalequzzaman and M. Muzahid-E-Rahman. 2016. Efficacy of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam for the management of yellow mosaic disease of okra. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 11(1): 1-3. Abstract: An experiment was conducted to test the efficacy of two insecticides and number of sprays to manage yellow mosaic of okra caused by Okra yellow vein mosaic virus in the field through vector management. The experiment was carried out in the research field of Plant Pathology Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur during summer (April to July) 2010 and 2011. Two insecticides Imidacloprid (Admire) and Thiamethoxam (Aktara) were sprayed 2 to 6 times at 7 day interval to reduce the vector population. Significant reduction in disease incidence and increase in yield was achieved due to application of chemicals. Disease was found to be reduced by 5 to 50% depending on number of sprays. There was no significant difference between the performance of two insecticides in managing the disease. Four to five sprays were required to achieve a good control of the disease. 144. Samima Naznin, K. M. Khalequzzaman and Abul Khair. 2016. Effect of new fungicides in controlling anthracnose/die back disease of chilli. Asian Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 5(2): 117-124. Abstract: The experiment was conducted in the laboratory and field of Spices Research Centre, BARI, Shibganj, Bogra, Bangladesh during Rabi season of 2014-2015 to test the efficacy of some new fungicides in controlling anthracnose/die-back disease and increase yield of chilli. Nine new fungicides and one control were used as treatments. In vitro tests, Orion 72 WP (0.2%) significantly inhibited the radial mycelial growth of the pathogen (Colletotrichum capsici) in the PDA culture media. All the new fungicides significantly decreased the % leaf infection, % leaf area diseased (LAD), % twig infection, % fruit infection, % fruit area diseased (FAD) and increased fresh yield of chilli. Among the fungicides, Orion 72 WP showed the best performance. 145. M. M. Hossain, I. Hossain and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2016. Biological control of leaf blight of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokinian. Bulletin of the Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University, 39: 43-51. Abstract: Five different plant extracts including neem (Azadirachta indica), mehedi (Lawsonia alba), garlic clove (Allium sativum), rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinales), seeds of black cumin (Nigella sativa), and BAU-Biofungicide (a Trichoderma based preparation) were used to evaluate the performance or effectiveness of those biological control agent on Bipolaris leaf blight of wheat and related pathogen (Bipolaris sorokiniana). Pathogenic reaction was observed in Bipolaris sorokiniana against different treatments by detached leaf method where leaf spot size was minimum (4.5mm) with BAU-Biofungicide and maximum leaf spot size (32.5mm) with control. Effect of seed treatment on wheat plant was evaluated by rolled paper towel method and BAU-Biofungicide, extracts of garlic clove and neem leaf at the value of 13%, 12% and 10%, respectively higher normal seedlings and BAU-Biofungicide also resulted 26.6% higher vigour index over control. Multiplication effect (seed treatment plus foliar spray of same treatment) of different treatments was examined to determine the efficacy for disease control. In pot and field experiments, though Bavistin and Tilt were most effective however, BAU-Biofungicide and extract of garlic clove were superior compared with the treatments used for controlling leaf blight of wheat. Multiplication effect of seed treatment plus foliar spray showed superior effect by BAU-Biofungicide including higher 1000-grain weight (43.92g) and grain yield (2.75 t/ha). Seed treatment with Bavistin and foliar spray with Tilt showed 1000-grain weight and grain yield by 47.12g and 3.0 t/ha, respectively. Our data also revealed that BAU-Biofungicide increased grain yield (29.87%) over control. 146. M. M. Alam, M. N. Islam, M. Z. Haque, R. Humayun and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2016. Bio-rational management of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) for suppressing tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 41(4): 583-597. Abstract: Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is the vector of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), is a serious pest of vegetables and other crops worldwide. The experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural Research institute (BARI) during two consecutive years of 2009 and 2010 to select a suitable bio-rational management practice against white fly, transmitting TYLCV. Treatments comprising tomato variety Ratan with diseased plant uprooting, spraying admire, applying admire on trap crop (marigold), spraying neem, sesame and mustard oil with trix and the untreated control were used in this experiment. The variety Opurba with similar materials as described above was used. Percent virus infected tomato plants ranged from 1.33 to 19.00 in two consecutive years, where the highest infection was recorded in control plot with variety Opurba and the lowest was recorded in variety Ratan treated with Admire. Consequently, the highest yield (47.70 and 52.36 t ha-1 in 1st and 2nd year, respectively) in the plots of variety Ratan treated with admire and the lowest yield was recorded in untreated control plots with variety Opurba (14.75 and 30.30 t ha-1) for the two consecutive years. A strong positive correlation was observed between whitefly population and % TYLCV infection for both the years and both varieties of tomato. While a negative correlation was observed between % TYLCV infection with number of fruits plants-1 and yield (t ha-1) for both the years and in both varieties of tomato. These results are consistent with the occurrences of TYLCV, which have been associated with the percent virus infection in relation to yield and yield contributing characters of tomato. 147. K. M. Khalequzzaman, Md. Mahfuz Alam, M. M. Hossain. 2017. Seed Treatment with Fungicides for Controlling Foot and Root Rot of Lentil. Journal of Scientific Achievements, 2 (10): 1-5. Abstract: The experiment was conducted in the sick plot at Pulses Research Centre, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during 2013-14 to find out the control measure of foot and root rot of lentil by seed treatment and its effect on yield. The test lentil variety was BARI Masur 1. Seven fungicides viz. Bavistin (0.2%), Tilt 250 EC (0.05%), Folicur EW 250 (0.1%), Indofil M 45 (0.2%), Ridomil gold (0.2%), Dithane M 45 (0.2%), and Vitavax 200 (0.2%), and one untreated control were used in this experiment. The lowest foot and root rot (20.65%), and the highest plant survival (79.35%) were obtained from Vitavax 200 (0.2%) followed by Bavistin (0.2%) and the highest foot and root rot (36.26%), and the lowest plant survival (63.74%) were obtained from control. The highest number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant, weight of seeds/plant and yield (kg/ha) were recorded in Vitavax 200 (0.2%) which also followed by Bavistin (0.2%) and the lowest of these parameters were in untreated control. 148. M. M. Hossain, K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. T. R. Mondal, Md. Kalim Uddin. 2017. Seasonal Variation of Gall Mite within the Leaf Gall of Bay Leaf. Journal of Scientific Achievements, 2 (10): 6-9. Abstract: The field experiment was conducted at Spices Research Centre, Shibganj, Bogra, Bangladesh during May 2015 to April 2016 to study the seasonal impact on the population density of the gall mite, Aceria doctersi within the leaf galls of Cinnamomum tamala. Bay leaf line BL001 were used for the study. Phenological studies were carried out on galled leaf samples collected randomly from C. tamala. Galled leaves were collected monthly, through random sampling and galled leaf samples were put in polythene bags and transported to the laboratory for further observation under the stereomicroscope. The maximum number of mite per gall (78/gall) with gall size 3.0cm was recorded during the month of April then it becomes gradually decrease and the minimum number of mite per gall (10/gall) with 2.1 cm gall size was recorded during the month of December. The highest Chlorophyll Concentration Index of the leaf (64.80) was also recorded from the month of December while the lowest (41.20) Chlorophyll Concentration Index of leaf was recorded from the month of April. Mite population were positively correlated with average temperature (r=0.4475) and negatively correlated with relative humidity (r= -0.5366) and rainfall (r=-0.0685). Mite population was also positively correlated with the percentage of leaf area damage (r=0.8585**). 149. M. M. Alam, M. M. Rashid, A. T. M. S. Islam, S. I. Sikdar and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2016. Effect of initial moisture content and different storage container on the quality of mustard seed (Brassica campestris L.). Asian Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 5 (3): 183-192. Abstract: An experiment was carried out at Institute of Research and Training (IRT) of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during March to May 2016 for evaluating the effect of initial moisture content and different storage container on the quality of mustard seed. Three types of containers namely plastic container, polythene bag and gunny bag, and three levels moisture content i.e. 9.75, 12.25 and 14.30% were used as the treatment. Mustard seeds with 9.75% initial moisture level were found in good condition in respect of germination, less number of abnormal and dead seedlings, better shoot and root length, vigour index and poor fungal incidence. The highest germination percentage was observed 80.14−87.74%, while the lowest percent of abnormal seedling (8.64−12.04%) and dead seedling (3.33−8.27%) was found in the seeds stored with 9.75% initial moisture content at different storage periods. Fungal incidence was also found less in the seeds stored with 9.75% initial moisture content. Among three storage conditions, plastic container was showed the advantage for mustard seed storage compared to polythene bag and gunny bag. The seed of gunny bag was found inferior in quality for all parameters at all storage period. So, the results revealed that optimum moisture content and ideal storage condition has the greatest benefit on quality seeds. It is concluded that plastic container with 9.75% initial moisture content is the best for storing the mustard seed with higher quality. 150. K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2017. Screening of BARI Rhizobium Biofertilizers against Foot and Root Rot of Lentil. Journal of Scientific Achievements, 2 (10): 14-19. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at the sick plot, Pulses Research Centre, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during two consecutive years of 2011-12 and 2012-13 to screen out the effective BARI Rhizobium Biofertilizers against foot and root rot of lentil. Seven BARI Rhizobium strains viz. BARI LE 715, BARI Rlc 103, BARI Rlc 140, BARI Rlc 107, BARI Rlc 105, BARI Rlc 138 and BARI Rlc 101 were used as treatments. In 2011-12, foot and root rot incidence ranged from 9.66-29.95%, while the lowest incidence was recorded in BARI LE 715 which was followed by BARI RLC 140, BARI RLC 107 and BARI RLC 138; and the highest incidence was recorded in untreated control. BARI LE 715 gave the highest plant survival (90.34%) and control treatment gave the lowest plant survival (70.05%). BARI LE 715 treated plots reduced maximum foot and root rot incidence (67.75%) over untreated control. Similar trends of the results were observed in 2012-13. The highest yield 2153 and 2016 kg/ha was obtained from BARI LE 715 in 2011-12 and 2012-13, respectively, and the lowest of these parameters were obtained from untreated control for both the years. 151. M.M. Islam, ASM Golam Hafeez, K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. H. Reza, M. M. Hossain. 2017. Effect of botanicals and chemicals on rhizome rot disease of Ginger. Journal of Scientific Achievements, 2(12): 8-12. Abstract: Four experiments were conducted at Gazipur, Madhupur, Bogra and Khagrachari to develop the appropriate management package for rhizome rot in replicated manner following randomized complete block design with 11 treatments having plant materials, chemicals and poultry bedding during 2014-15 cropping season. The germination was found 53 to 97 % at Bogra whereas it was higher (84-97 %) at Gazipur and Madhupur field at Tangail (88-96 %). The germination ranged from 59-83 % in Khagrachari. The disease incidence was the lowest (5.98 %) using seed treatment with Ridomil gold (0.2%) and its 2 times soil drenching followed by seed treatment with Chlorox (10 %) in all locations. The highest disease incidence (64.94 %) was recorded in the control plots of all locations. The highest yield 22.92 t/ha was obtained in seed treatment with Chlorox (10 %) followed by seed treatment using Ridomil and its 2 times soil drenching (18.11 t/ha) at Gazipur. All treatments gave higher yield compared to control irrespective of locations. 152. Md. Motaher Hossain, K.M. Khalequzzaman, M. A. Islam, M.T.R. Mondal, S.N. Alam. 2017. Effect of different sowing dates for the management of chilli pests. Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 4 (2): 47-52. Abstract: The field experiment was conducted at Spices Research Centre, Shibganj, Bogra, Bangladesh during Rabi season of 2015-16 to assess the effect of varying sowing dates against insect pest of chilli. The treatments were T1= 30 August (1st sowing); T2= 15 September (2nd sowing); T3= 30 September (3rd sowing); T4= 15 October (4th sowing), T5= 30 October (5th sowing) and T6= 15 November (6th sowing). Sowing was done at 15 days interval from August to November in the experimental field. The results showed that the maximum mean aphid (9.27/leaf), thrips (10.77/leaf), mite(11.51/leaf) and fruit borer population like H. armigera and S.litura larvae (8.25 and 6.74/plant, respectively) were found in 15 November sowing and minimum number of those insect pest were present in 30 August sowing. Red ripe chilli yields were also found to differ in descending order as follows: 30 August (13.05 t/ha)> 15 September (12.70 t/ha)> 30 September (10.30 t/ha)> 15 October (8.41 t/ha)> 30 October (5.20 t/ha)> 15 November (3.10 t/ha). It was inferred that early sowing (30 August or 15 September) resulted in lower incidence of aphids, thrips, mite and fruit borer. Such low level of insect pest caused less crop injury which resulted in enhancing the red ripe yield of chilli. So, it is suggested that for early sowing of winter chilli, the appropriate planting time may be 30 August to 15 September. 153. M.M. Islam, ASM Golam Hafeez, K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. M. Hossain and M. H. Reza. 2017. Effect of soil and seed treatments on seedling diseases of Wheat. Journal of Scientific Achievements, 2(12): 13-17. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Plant Pathology Field, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur-1701 during the cropping season 2014-17. The effectiveness of different methods of seed and soil treatments were evaluated against seedling diseases of wheat under inoculated condition in the field. The lowest percentage of diseased seedlings, highest number of grain/head as well as the highest yield 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0%; 42, 40 and 39, and 3767, 3765 and 3764 kg/ha, respectively were obtained with seed treatment + soil drenching with Vitavax-200 followed by seed treatment + soil drenching with Bavistin in three consecutive years. The highest percentage of diseased seedlings, lowest number of grain/head as well as the lowest yield 12.2, 12.7 and 13.2%; 31, 29 and 28; and 2754, 2752 and 2751 kg/ha, respectively were obtained from the same treatment. The lowest number of grain/head, lowest yield with the highest percentage of diseased seedlings was recorded from the control treatment in all three cropping seasons. 154. M. M. Hossain, K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. A. Sarkar and D. Sarker. 2017. Assessment of chlorophyll loss due to infestation of gall mite in Bay leaf. Asian Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 6(3): 123-130. Abstract: The field experiment was conducted at Spices Research Centre, Shibganj, Bogura, Bangladesh during May, 2018 to analyse the percent loss of chlorophyll a and b induced by Aceria doctersi and to assess the damage potential of gall mite within the leaf galls of Cinnamomum tamala. The highest chlorophyll a (8.26 milligram/g) and chlorophyll b (2.31 milligram/g) content was recorded from control sample containing no gall tissue and the lowest chlorophyll a (2.20 milligram/g) and chlorophyll b (0.66 milligram/g) content was recorded from the sample containing ≥50 gall /1g leaf sample. Eriophyid mite galls were negetively correlated with chlorophyll a (r= -0.98245**) and chlorophyll b (r= -0.95525**) content of bay leaf. 155. M.M. Islam, ASM Golam Hafeez, K. M. Khalequzzaman, M. H. Reza an M. M. Hossain. 2017. Efficacy of environmental factors on alternaria blight disease of mustard (Brassica campestris). Journal of Scientific Achievements, 2(12): 18-23. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Plant Pathology Field, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur-1701; Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Jamalpur and Regional Agricultural Research Station, Rangpur during the cropping season 2014-17. Efficacy of environmental factors on alternaria blight disease of mustard was studied with six different dates of sowing. The highest disease score 5.1 was recorded at Gazipur in December 10 sowing followed by 5.0 at Rangpur in December 01 and December 10 sowing. The lowest disease score 2.2 was recorded in November 01 sowing at Jamalpur. The highest seed yield 1.55 ton/ha was observed at Rangpur and the lowest seed yield 0.54 ton/ha was found in December 10 sowing at Gazipur.The average air temperature was 23.6º C, 22.2º C and 23.1º C at Gazipur, Jamalpur and Rangpur locations during November and it was below 20º C in all three locations during December and January and then rises at February and later. 156. Md. Kamrul Hasan and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2017. Marketing Efficiency and Value Chain Analysis: The Case of Garlic Crop in Bangladesh. American Journal of Trade and Policy, 4(1): 7-17. Abstract: Garlic is a highly profitable crop and is largely used both in medicinal and culinary purposes. The study was undertaken to determine marketing system, marketing cost, marketing margin, marketing efficiencies and to examine the value chain of garlic aiming to determine the value addition in different steps of garlic marketing. A purposive and simple randomized sampling procedure was used in selecting primary data. Marketing margin, profit, efficiency ratio, value addition etc. were calculated by different relevant equations and formulas. Four major marketing channels were identified for domestic produced garlic marketing. Channel-3 was the most important supply chain through which 40% domestic produced garlic reaches to consumers. Marketing margin and profit were the highest in retailer than those of other intermediaries. Out of four marketing channel, Channel-2 was more efficient than those of other channels. Six actors like; farmer, local trader, trader, commission agent, wholesaler, retailer and consumer are identified who are involved in the garlic value chain activities. Retailer added highest amount of value per unit of garlic and that of the lowest in wholesaler. Eleven marketing problem were identified, among them price fluctuation, high transport cost and lack of loan facilities were the major problem. It is therefore, recommended that Government intervention is urgent necessary to stabilize the price of garlic, loan facilities should be provided to the intermediaries and transportation cost should be kept reasonable. 157. M. M. Hossain, M. H. Akand, M. A. Islam, K. M. Khalequzzaman and M. J. Khatun. Effect of indole-3-acetic acid and phosphorus on growth and yield of French bean. Bulletin of the Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University, 41: 1-13. Abstract: The experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, during the period from November 2008 to March 2009 to investigate the effect of IAA and phosphorus on the growth and yield of French bean. The experiment consisted of two factors, one factor is three levels of IAA and other factor is four levels of phosphorus. BARI Zhar Sheem-1 was used as a test crop. Application of IAA and phosphorus at different levels had positive impact on growth, yield and yield components of French bean. The highest (17.59 t/ha) green pod yield of French bean was observed in 30 ppm IAA application and the lowest (12.50 t/ha) was obtained from control treatment. On the other hand, the highest (18.16 t/ha) green pod yield was recorded from 130 kg P2O5/ ha application and the lowest (12.63 t/ha) was obtained from control treatment. The highest green pod yield (18.97 t/ha) was obtained from the combination of 30 ppm IAA and 130 kg P2O5/ha application plot and the lowest (10.00 t/ ha) was in control condition. The maximum (3.65) benefit cost ratio was obtained due to application of 30 ppm IAA and 130 kg P2O5/ha, while the lowest (2.07) in control condition. Therefore, the best results were obtained from 30 ppm IAA and combination with 130 kg P2O5/ha. 158. Mst. Jannati Khatun, K. M. Khalequzzaman, Mst. Shamsun Naher, Sinha Narayan Sankar and Farzana Ashrafi Neela. 2019. Effect of botanical plant extracts on radial mycelial growth of fusarium of tomato. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 7 (2): 18-30. Abstract: The laboratory experiments were carried out during 2011-2017 to evaluate the plant extracts collected from different plant species to know the possible presence of fungi as toxicant properties against Fusarium oxysporum pathogen. Extracts of 28 number of botanical plants (plant parts/ whole plants) with water and ethanol which produced 43 number of botanical extract combinations were tested on radial mycelial growth on Fusarium oxysporum with 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% concentrations at 3, 6, 9 and 12 days after inoculation (DAI). All extracts of botanicals more or less inhibited the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum with higher concentrations, but the highest mycelial growth was recorded in untreated control treatment. Among the botanicals, Arjuna bark (Arjun) with ethanol, Papaya with ethanol, Neem leaf with water, Neem leaf with ethanol, Neem bark with ethanol, Neem oil, Black cumin with water, Black cumin (Kalojira) Oil, Swallow Wort (Akanda) with water, Henna (Mehedi) with water, Henna (Mehedi) with ethanol, Ivy Gourd (Telakucha) with water, Alamonda leaf with water, Periwinkle (Nayant ara) with ethanol, Malabar Nut (Bashak) with ethanol, Drumstick (Shajina) with ethanol, Garlic with ethanol and Betel leaf with ethanol significantly inhibited the radial mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum with higher concentration at different DAI. 159. K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2019. Efficacy of seed treatment and soil drenching with botanical and fungicide to control foot and root rot (Fusarium solani and Sclerotium rolfsii) of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-groecum L.). Bangladesh Journal of Plant Pathology, 35(1&2): 27-32. Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at Spices Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Shibganj, Bogura, Bangladesh during Rabi season of 2017-2018 to evaluate efficacy of seed treatment and soil drenching with botanicals and fungicides to control foot and root rot (Fusarium solani and Sclerotium rolfsii) of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgroecum L.). Four botanicals namely garlic (Allium sativum), neem (Azadirachta indica), Henna (Lawsonia inermis) @ 1:5 and turmeric (Curcuma domestica) @ 0.050%, and three chemical fungicides namely Provax 200 WP (Carboxin + Thiram), Autostin 50 WDG (Carbendazim) @ 0.25% and Cabriotop (Pyraclostrobin 5% + Metiram 55% WG) @ 0.30% were tested with a control (plain water). A fenugreek variety, BARI Methi 2 was used in the experiment. The maximum of 34.11% foot and root rot incidence was observed under control. All treatments with botanicals and fungicides reduced the disease incidence by 9.89-69.48% over control. The maximum reduction in disease incidence and higher plant stand were achieved with Provax 200 WP, which was followed by Autostin 50 WDG, and Cabriotop. Plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per plant and seed yield per hectare ranged 81.44-88.00 cm, 39.11-62.27, 489.99- 928.88, 6.08-9.68 g and 1.75-2.52 t, respectively. The lowest values of all parameters were recorded under control. Every treatment increased each of the parameters significantly over control showing the highest values under Provax 200 WP, which was followed by Autostin 50 WDG and Seed treatment and soil drenching with Cabriotop, Plant survival, number of primary branches, secondary branches, pod length number of seeds per pod and weight of seeds per pod ranged 65.89%, 2.08-2.90cm, 6.55-8.83, 9.4-11.27 and 0.29-0.39 g, respective under different treatments including control. The lowest value of each parameter was observed under control. So, farmers and researchers may use Provax 200 WP (0.25%) or Autostin 50 WDG (0.25%) to control foot and root rot disease and to improve plant growth and seed yield of Fenugreek. 160. S. Ahmed, A. Haque, H. Mahmud and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2019. Egg deposition and weight loss of seeds by pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. on different genotypes of pulses. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 44(3): 513-524. Abstract: Lentil Lens culinaris Medik., mungbean Vigna radiata L. R. Wilczek, chickpea Cicer arietinum L. and blackgram Vigna mungo L. Hepper of different genotypes were tested against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh to evaluate the number of eggs deposition and percent weight loss of seeds. Maximum number of eggs (73.1) was oviposited on chickpea and minimum (19.5) was found on blackgram. The highest (19.9%) weight loss in seed was noted in chickpea and the lowest (7.6%) was recorded in blackgram. On the basis of weight loss of seed, blackgram and mungbean exhibited as tolerant genotype, lentil with moderately susceptible and chickpea as susceptible. Genotypes ML-22 of lentil, MC-21 of mungbean, Hyprosola of chickpea and MAK–1-79 of blackgram were found tolerant as compared to other tested genotypes considering the reduced number of egg deposition and lowest loss of seed weight. Evidently, the percent weight loss was marked as positive correlation with number of eggs deposition in all the genotypes and the regression line resulted in increasing the number of eggs laid with the increase in percent weight loss. 161. Mst. J. Khatun, K. M. Khalequzzaman, Mst. S. Naher and F. A. Neela. 2020. Management of Fusarium wilt of tomato by botanicals and biocontrol agents and their effect on yield. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 49(1): 71-74. Abstract: Investigation was undertaken to screen out the extract of botanicals viz., neem leaf, neem oil, garlic, marsh paper plant, allamanda leaf, wood apple leaf, betel leaf and biological antagonists viz., Trichoderma viride and T. harzianum. Positive control was soil amendment with Provax and negative control with untreated soil. Soil drenching with Provax and untreated soil showed 7.65 and 37.5% wilt of tomato. Wilt incidence varied from 8.5 - 30.81%. Botanicals and biocontrol agents had significant effect on yield of tomato. Provax gave the highest (30.55 t/ha) yield which was statistically identical to garlic extract (29.66 t/ha) and untreated control showed the lowest (20.19 t/ha) yield which was followed by soil drenching with neem leaf extract. Both the biocontrol agents viz., T. harzianum and T. viride as broth and compost significantly reduced wilt incidence of tomato in the field over control. 162. K. M. Khalequzzaman and M. S. Monjil. 2020. Effect of fungicides in controlling bulb rot of onion. International Journal of Graduate Research and Review, 6(2): 34-39. Abstract: The experiment was conducted in sick plot at Spices Research Centre, BARI, Shibganj, Bogura, Bangladesh during Rabi season of 2017-18 to find out the effective control measure of basal or bulb rot of Onion. Bulb of BARI piaz 4 was used in this experiment. Six fungicides, healthy and fresh bulb and one control were the treatments. The lowest emergence (86.92%) of onion was recorded in control plots and the highest emergence (98.11%) was recorded in Bulb treatment and soil drenching with Amistar Top 325 SC. The lowest bulb rot incidence (8.76%) and highest disease reduction over control (70.52%) was obtained from Bulb treatment and soil drenching with Amistar Top 325 SC. The highest bulb rot incidence (29.72%) was obtained from untreated control plots which was followed by Healthy and fresh Bulb (25.59%). The highest number of capsules per plant (448.05), number of seeds per capsule (4.73), seed yield per plant (6.18 g) and yield (750.56 kg/ha) were obtained from Bulb treatment and soil drenching with Amistar Top 325 SC and the lowest of these parameters were obtained from untreated control. Among the fungicides, Amistar Top 325 SC (0.1%), Cabriotop (0.3%) and Provax 200 WP (0.25%) were found individually more effective to control basal or bulb rot of onion, enhance growth attributes and yield. So, farmers and researchers may use Amistar Top 325 SC or Cabriotop or Provax 200 WP to decrease bulb rot incidence and increase seed yield of Onion. 163. K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2020. Management of alternaria leaf and umbel blight of Dill. Nippon Journal of Environmental Science, 1(4): 1011 (1-7). Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Spices Research Centre, BARI, Shibganj, Bogura, Bangladesh during Rabi season of 2018-19 to find out the effective fungicides in controlling Alternaria leaf and umbel blight of BARI Sholuk 1 of Dill. Seven fungicides and one control were used as treatment. Alternaria leaf and umbel blight incidence of Dill under different treatments varied from 9.33-90.33%, while the lowest incidence was recorded in seed treatment and foliar spraying with Amistar Top 325 SC (0.1%) which was statistically similar to seed treatment and foliar spraying with Rovral 50 WP (0.2%) and Secure 600 WG (0.15%), and the highest incidence was obtained in control plot. Seed treatment and foliar spraying of Amistar Top 325 SC (0.1%) exhibited the highest number of seeds/plant (1811.43), weight of seeds/plant (18.37 g) and seed yield (1.98 t/ha) and the lowest was observed in control plots. So, farmers and researchers can be used Amistar Top 325 SC (0.1%) or Secure 600 WG (0.15%) or Rovral 50 WP (0.2%) to reduce Alternaria leaf and umbel blight and increased seed yield of Dill. 164. M. M. Hossain, K.M. Khalequzzaman, M. S. Alam, M. T. R. Mondal and M. M. Islam. 2020. Efficacy of different coloured sticky traps against thrips of Chilli. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 8(2): 187-190. Abstract: The field experiment was conducted at Spices Research Centre, Shibganj, Bogura, Bangladesh during Rabi season of 2017-18 to study the color preference of Scirtothrips dorsalis in chilli. The treatments were T1= Blue trap@40 trap/ha; T2= Yellow trap @40 trap/ha; T3= White trap @40 trap/ha; T4=Green trap @40 trap/ha and T5= Pink trap @40 trap/ha. Among the color traps used, at 35 days after installation (DAI) of trap blue color attracted highest (8.44 thrips/sq. inch area of trap) number of S. dorsalis adults followed by white (5.43 thrips/sq. inch area of trap), yellow (4.30 thrips/sq. inch area of trap), green (3.52 thrips/sq. inch area of trap) and pink (3.40 thrips/ sq. inch area of trap) color. Blue coloured sticky trap also attracted comparatively a smaller number of beneficial insects and can be used for relative estimate of S. dorsalis population and also for monitoring and mass trapping as a component of IPM program. 165. K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2020. Management of foot and root rot disease of Fennel. Nippon Journal of Environmental Science, 1(4): 1012 (1-7). Abstract: This study was conducted at Spices Research Centre, BARI, Shibganj, Bogura, Bangladesh during Rabi season of 2018-2019 to find out the suitable control measures in controlling foot and root rot disease of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.).. Four fungicides, turmeric powder, poultry refuse and one control were the treatment. Foot and root rot incidence of fennel under different treatments ranged from 7.14 - 29.39%, while the lowest incidence was observed in seed treatment and soil drenching with Provax 200 WP (Carboxin + Thiram) at 0.25%, which was followed by Seed treatment and soil drenching with Autostin 50 WDG (Carbendazim) at 0.25%, and the highest foot and root rot incidence was observed in untreated control. Seed treatment and soil drenching with Provax 200 WP (Carboxin + Thiram) at 0.25% gave the highest number of seeds per plant (6588), weight of seeds per plant (20.57 g) and seed yield (2.01 t/ha) which was followed by seed treatment and soil drenching with Cabriotop (0.3%) and seed treatment and soil drenching with Autostin (Carbendazim) at 0.25%, and the lowest of these parameters were recorded in Control plots. So, farmers and researchers may Provax 200 WP (0.25%) or Autostin 50 WDG (0.25%) to decrease foot and root rot disease and increase seed yield of fennel. 166. M. J. Khatun, K. M. Khalequzzaman, Rohit Shankar Mane and F. A. Neela. 2020. Fusarium wilts controlling revealed physiological and biochemical variations in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cultivar. Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications, 13 (3): 1576-1580. Abstract: The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of new fungicides on wilt incidence and yield of tomato. The experiment was carried out following standard randomized complete block design at the rate of three replications with eighteen new fungicides on BARI Tomato 14 variety. New fungicides significantly enhanced plant height (Magvit 80 WP: 57.44 cm), number of branches (Wonderful 80 WP: 11.67), number of fruit branches (Gunzim & Provax: 10.33), number of fruits (Provax: 40.33) and weight of fruits (Provax: 1209.90 g). The lowest wilt incidence and highest plant survival were recorded in Provax which was statistically similar to Gunzim, Ranazim 50 WP, T. Bendazim, One Sighn, Larkzim 50 WP, Descozim, Biozim 50 WP, Rexizim 50 WP, Sarazim and Rajvit. The highest incidence and the lowest plant survival were recorded in untreated control which was not statistically similar to other fungicides. Provax treated plots gave the highest (39.31 t/ha) yield, which was statistically identical to Gunzim, Ranazim 50 WP, T. Zeb, T. Bendazim, One Sighn, Larkzim 50 WP, Descozim, Biozim 50 WP, Rexizim 50 WP, Sarazim and Rajvit and untreated control gave the lowest yield which was not statistically identical to other fungicides. 167. K. M. S. Ahmed, K. M. Khalequzzaman, Md. M. Hossain and Md. J. Ullah. 2020. Effect of urea super granule application on physiological and yield attributes of rice. Bulletin of the Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University, 43: 1-11. Abstract: The field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University during July to December 2015 to find out effects of urea super granule application on physiological and yield attributes of rice cultivar BRRI Dhan 31 and BRRI Dhan 34. The experimental treatments included two T. aman rice varieties viz. BRRI Dhan 31 and BRRI Dhan 34 and six levels of nitrogen viz. no nitrogen, pilled urea (50 kg/ha), USG 32.5 kg/ha, USG 50 kg/ha, USG 62.5 kg/ha and USG 75 g ha-1. Rice cultivars differed significantly in all growth and yield contributing characters and BRRI Dhan 31 produced the highest grain yield (3.73 t/ha). Among the treatments, USG 62.5 kg/ha performed the best on all the parameter studied and gave highest grain yield (3.85 t/ha). Interaction of urea application and rice yield revealed that significantly higher grain yields were given by BRRI Dhan 31 and USG 62.5 kg/ha (4.45 t/ha). The higher grain yield was attributed mainly to the number of effective tillers/hill, filled grains/panicle and 1000-grain weight. 168. Md. Kamrul Hasan and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2020. The economic impact of onion research and extension in Bangladesh: an ex-post analysis. Nippon Journal of Environmental Science, 1(8): 1020 (1-12). Abstract: The study estimated the benefit and rates of returns to investment on onion research and development in Bangladesh. The Economic Surplus Model with ex-post analysis was used to determine the returns to investment and their distribution between the production and consumption. Several discounting techniques were also used to assess the efficiency of onion research. The adoption rate was found increasing trend over the period. The yield of BARI Developed Modern varieties of onion was 67 to 80% higher than those of the local variety. Society got net benefit Tk 36356.64 million from the investment of onion research and extension. The internal rate of return (IRR), net present value (NPV) and benefit cost ratio (BCR) were estimated to be 82%, Tk 6536.86 million and 23.99 respectively. The results of sensitivity analysis indicated that investment in research and development of onion was a good investment. 169. K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2020. Effect of fungicides in controlling alternaria leaf and umbel blight of fennel. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Pathology, 36(1&2): 55-60. Abstract: Seven fungicides viz. Rovral 50 WP (Iprodion) @0.2%, Companion (Carbendazim + Mancozeb) @0.2%, Nativo (Tebuconazole + Trifloxystobin 100) @0.1%, Secure 600 WG (Fenamidone + Mancozeb) @0.15%, Score (Difenoconazole) @0.1%, Cabriotop (Pyraclostrobin 5% + Metiram 55% WG) @0.3%, and Amistar Top 325 SC (Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole) were tested at Spices Research Centre, BARI, Shibganj, Bogura, Bangladesh during Rabi season of 2017-18 to find out the effective fungicides in controlling Alternaria leaf and umbel blight of Fennel (BARI Mouri-1). Seed treatment and five times foliar spraying of the fungicides significantly reduced disease incidence up to 75.28% and thereby increased 82.24% seed yield of Fennel. Alternaria leaf and umbel blight incidence of Fennel was reduced up to 75.28% by Secure 600 WG (0.15%), 69.85% by Amistar Top 325 SC (0.1%) and 71.79% by Rovral 50 WP (0.2%). These fungicides also gave better vegetative growth of Fennel and increased seed yield up to 82.24%, 63.55% and 76.63% by Secure 600 WG, Amistar Top 325 SC, and Rovral 50 WP, respectively. Therefore, Secure 600 WG (0.15%) or Amistar Top 325 SC (0.1%) or Rovral 50 WP (0.2%) may be used to control Alternaria leaf and umbel blight and thereby increased seed yield of Fennel. 170. K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2021. Integrated management of rhizome rot disease of ginger. Nippon Journal of Environmental Science, 2(2): 004 (1-6). Abstract: The experiment was conducted in infected sick plot with rhizome rot disease at Spices Research Centre, BARI, Shibganj, Bogura, Bangladesh during 2018-19 to find the effective control measures of rhizome rot through an integrated management. Eight integrated treatments including control were used in this experiment. The test variety was used BARI Ada 2. The highest germination (97.83%) was recorded in Rhizome treatment with Ridomil gold (0.25%) + Soil drenching with Bordeaux mixture, first drenching was done during planting, thereafter, drenching was continued at 20 days interval starting from 40 DAP and the lowest germinaition (90.95%) was recorded from untreated control. Rhizome treatment with Ridomil gold (0.25%) + Soil drenching with Bordeaux mixture, first drenching was done during planting, thereafter, drenching was continued at 20 days interval starting from 40 DAP resulted the lowest Rhizome rot incidence (15.45%) and control treatment showed the highest Rhizome rot incidence (45.88%). Rhizome treatment with Ridomil gold (0.25%) + Soil drenching with Bordeaux mixture, first drenching was done during planting, thereafter, drenching was continued at 20 days interval starting from 40 DAP showed the highest yield (28.15 t/ha) and control treatment showed the lowest yield (9.95 t/ha). 171. Rumman Shafi Quaderi, Hosna Kohinoor and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2021. Market Chain Analysis of Horticultural Commodities: Vegetable of Bangladesh. Nippon Journal of Environmental Science, 2(3): 006 (1-12). Abstract. The present have a look at become tried to forecast the home marketplace chain and export potentiality of horticultural crops specially the vegetable manufacturing, estimation of domestic demand, determining the character of the market, integration of domestic and global markets, estimating growers profitability, figuring out the advertising and marketing channel and result consisting of their troubles and possibilities. Farmers of Bangladesh are handicapped by insufficient information of efficient harvest and garage practices. Vegetable production without supervision causes poor quality production, high percentages of rejected vegetables due to poor post-harvest handling, rough transportation, and also related to the presenting irregular shape and size, different maturity indices, insects and diseases infestation, mechanical injury, and moisture losses. Another cause for higher fees at the retail stage is the profit earned by middlemen, who play an vital function in Bangladesh in bringing fruits and veggies from manufacturers to markets. Ultimately, fees boom due to the absence of modern-day storage and transportation system. As a result, shops of fruits and vegetables gain larger profit margins, and the growers on common can get hold of very less. Most effective 71% and forty eight% of retail charges for end result and vegetables respectively in comparison in the case of cereals. 172. Rumman Shafi Quaderi, Md. Abul Kalam Azad, Hosna Kohinoor and K. M. Khalequzzaman. 2022. Motivate Farmers to Cultivate Vegetables due to High Export Demand. Nippon Journal of Environmental Science, 3(1): 001 (1-9). Abstract. The present study was attempted to forecast the domestic market chain and export status of horticultural crops especially the fruits and vegetable production, estimation of domestic demand, determining the nature of the market, integration of domestic and international markets, estimating growers profitability, identifying the efficient marketing channel and examining export potentials of fresh vegetables and fruits including their problems and prospects. Twenty one percent GDP of Bangladesh comes from agro-based productions, 48% labor force are involved for agro production and the export value of agricultural products is 12%. About 100 horticultural crops are exported from Bangladesh. However, the trends of increasing horticultural crops occupy a significant position in our export earnings. (Scientist Dr. K. M. Khalequzzaman) Pincipal Scientific Officer (Plant Pathology) Spices Research Centre (SRC) Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) Shibganj, Bogura, Bangladesh. E-mail: zaman.path@gmail.com; zaman.path@yahoo.com Mobile: 01558-313632 Website: www.khalequzzaman.blogspot.com